Synthesis of graphene through electrochemical exfoliation of Sri Lankan graphite

Abstract

Graphene, a remarkable two-dimensional carbon allotrope characterized by a hexagonally arranged carbon lattice, has garnered significant attention due to its extraordinary properties and diverse range of applications. For the synthesis of graphene, multiple methods are available. In this research, we opted for the electrochemical exfoliation method due to its simplicity, scalability, and environmentally friendly attributes. This methodology follows a top-down paradigm, whereby graphene is derived from graphite. The experimental configuration involved the construction of an electrolytic cell, employing carbon electrodes fabricated from compacted graphite powder, with a 0.1M Na2SO4 solution serving as the electrolyte. By systematically varying the voltage, current, and spatial separation between the anode and cathode, five experimental trials were conducted. Subsequently, the electrolyte underwent filtration, and the resultant residue underwent a drying process. Morphological observation of the synthesized graphene samples was facilitated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Furthermore, the confirmation of graphene sample purity was achieved through energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed a distinct diffraction peak at 2θ=26.4°, corresponding to the (002) plane. Additionally, the absorption peak of graphene was identified at 230 nm. Our findings strongly suggest that electrochemical exfoliation represents a promising avenue for the synthesis of grapheme utilizing Sri Lankan graphite. However, further investigations are imperative to refine and optimise this method for the large-scale production of graphene.