Open dumpsite has become the most widely used and common practices in most of the developing countries in waste management due to their lack of will, technology, capital and virtuous attitudes. This has elevated the risk ...

Capillary Barriers (CB) which consist of coarse sand overlain by a low permeable fine soil are low cost alternatives used in capping system for controlling the infiltration in a Landfill. In wet region, the durability ...

Ballasted rail tracks are most commonly used in rail track structure and are designed to provide a stable, safe and economic foundation. Main components of ballasted rail track structure can be grouped as track superstructure ...

Engineered landfill is a final municipal waste disposal method. A capping system is the final component in the construction of an engineered landfill. In addition to permeability criteria that need to be satisfied, stability ...