LB>//>OAj/f^//o CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES A dissertation submitted to the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Degree of Master of Science Supervised by Prof. J.R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Moratuwa By KANKANAMGE SHYAMALI Sri Lanka University of Moratuwa llll III I III III 94848 February 2010 9WW 94348 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Declaration The work submitted in this thesis is the result of my own investigations except where otherwise stated. This subject has not been accepted for any degree, and is also not being concurrently submitted for any other degree by me or any other individual. K.K. Shyamali I endorse the declaration by the candidate. Prof. J.R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page i K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S T A B L E O F C O N T E N T S II ABSTRACT m ACKNOWLEDGEMENT iv LIST OF FIGURES v LIST OF TABLES vi LIST OF ANNEXES VII CHAPTER - 1 1 INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE 1 CHAPTER - 2 3 PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION 3 C H A P T E R - 3 7 METHODOLOGY 7 C H A P T E R - 4 4 1 CONCLUSION 4 1 REFERENCE 4 3 Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page ii K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Abstract With the increasing demand for electricity supply and the country development, Searching of Transmission Line corridor across populated areas is a major difficulty faced by the utility company. Further, most of the funding agents are very much concerned about the environmental impacts due to the constructions. The width of Transmission Line corridor is proposed for two different Transmission Voltages and the sharing of single corridor for more lines and the required widths are proposed. Possibility of building construction and planting of trees within the Transmission Line corridor is decided and the maximum heights for constructions are also proposed. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page iii • K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Acknowledgement First I offer my sincerest gratitude to my supervisors, Professor Rohan Lucas, and Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala who supported me by encouraging throughout my thesis with their patience and knowledge. Also my thanks should go to Dr. J. P. Karunadasa, Head of the Department of Electrical Engineering, and the other members of the academic staff of the Department of Electrical Engineering, for their valuable suggestions and comments. Further, I would like to thank the officers in Post Graduate Office of the Faculty of Engineering of University of Moratuwa for helping in various ways to clarify the things related to my academic works in time with excellent cooperation and guidance. Sincere gratitude is also extended to the people who serve in the Department of Electrical Engineering office. Also, I thank my colleagues in the Transmission Design branch of Ceylon Electricity Board very much for providing assistance in numerous ways to carry out the studies of the project. I express my thanks and appreciation to my family for their understanding, motivation and patience. Lastly, but in no sense the least, I am thankful to all colleagues and friends for giving their fullest co-operation throughout the time of research and writing of this thesis. i Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page iv List of Figures Figure 2-1: minimum horizontal clearance for buildings 4 Figure 3-1: Conductor Horizontal Displacement 7 Figure 3-2: Conductor Swing Angle 8 Figure 3-3: Equivalent Span 9 Figure 3-4: Catenary Curve 15 Figure 3-5: Design of Insulator Swing Angle of Tower 23 Figure 3-6: Top View of Right-of-Way 34 Figure 3-7: shared Corridor 35 Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page v K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 List of Tables Table 3-1: Defined Equivalent Span in CEB 9 Table 3-2: Conductor Properties 11 Table 3-3: Conductor Horizontal Displacement Vs Equivalent Span for 132kV 18 Table 3-4: Conductor Horizontal Displacement Vs Equivalent Span for 220kV 18 Table 3-5: Classification of Wind Speed in www.windfinder.com 21 Table 3-6: Classification of Wind Speed in Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Sri Lanka 22 Table 3-7: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance 26 Table 3-8: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance 26 Table 3-9: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance 27 Table 3-10: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance 27 Table 3-11: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to objects 132 KV 29 Table 3-12: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars-132 KV 29 Table 3-13: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to objects-220 KV 30 Table 3-14: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars-220 KV 30 Table 3-15: Minimum Horizontal Separation between 132kV conductor attachment point and the other objects 32 Table 3-16: Minimum Horizontal Separation between 220kV conductor attachment point and the other objects 33 Table 3-17: field exposure limits 39 Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page vi * K.K.Shyamali 07/8415 List of Annexes Annex 3-1: Catenary Curve Coordinates for 132kV ZEBRA Conductor at 75°C and No wind condition Annex 3-2: Catenary Curve Coordinates for 132kV ZEBRA Conductor at 15°C and Maximum wind condition Annex 3-3: Catenary Curve Coordinates for 220kV ZEBRA Conductor at 75°C and No wind condition Annex 3-4: Catenary Curve Coordinates for 220kV ZEBRA Conductor at 15°C and Maximum wind condition Annex 3-5: Wind Data from www.windfinder.com/windreports/ Annex 3-6: Drawings for Single Line Corridor Annex 3-7: Drawings for Shared Corridor Annex 3-8: Maximum Height of Buildings within Right-Of-Way Annex 3-9: Mature Height of Tree within Right-Of-Way Annex 3-10: Typical Right-Of-Way width specified in some references Annex 3-11: Sample List of Actual Spans Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page vii Chapter - 1 Introduction and Scope 1.1 Introduction Electricity is a basic need for the economic growth of any country. Therefore the electricity demand grows at a higher rate with the rapid development of the economy. To meet the increasing demand for electricity, addition of new generation capacity to the system is required. Similarly, transmission of electricity is also increased. Therefore, construction of new transmission lines is an increasing requirement. Searching of Transmission Line corridor is the major difficulty faced by the utility company, because of the crossings across forest reservations and populated area are very much considered at the initial environment approval. Further, most of the funding agents are very much concerned about the environmental impacts due to the constructions. Similarly, at the initial stage of building constructions, the land owners are to get the approval from the relevant Pradeshiya Sabha to construct buildings in the close vicinity of Transmission Lines. Then the minimum clearance to buildings and other structures should be considered by the Pradeshiya Sabha. 1.2 Background Horizontal clearance to buildings and other structures, right-of way width and sharing of same corridor are common concepts in other countries. The design of Transmission Lines is done by the Transmission Design Branch in Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) in Sri Lanka. Electrical clearance to objects vertically in the close vicinity of Transmission Line is taken into consideration at the design stage of Transmission Lines. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 1 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 However, there are no defined values and ways to keep horizontal clearance to objects yet. When people construct buildings close to Transmission Lines, relevant Pradeshiya Sabha usually asks from CEB about the required minimum horizontal distance from Transmission Line to buildings before giving the approval for the construction of buildings. But currently in CEB, there are no defined and accepted values or methods of estimating this distance. The horizontal clearance to buildings issue came into consideration of Transmission Design Branch at the implementing stage of Kerawalapitiya - Kotugoda 220kV Transmission Line. Further, Asian Development Bank (ADB) asked for the required width of line corridor to have two adjacent tower lines of different voltages and width of single corridor at the evaluation stage of the scope of works to allocate funds for year 2008. But, CEB (Transmission Design Branch) did not give any specific answer since there was no specification and no detailed study had been done on the issue. 1.3 Goal The horizontal clearance issue comes under several application areas. Horizontal clearance depends on the system voltage, type of conductor, objects like buildings, other supporting structures and other installations etc. Therefore, the objective of this project is to identify and study different application categories and introduce a method: • To define horizontal clearances to buildings and other structures from Transmission Lines. The right-of-way width is also have to be considered under several application areas like the system voltage, type of conductor, surroundings of the route such as one or more lines of structures on a single right-of-way etc. Therefore, under this project different application categories for right-of-way width are to be identified and studied on width of corridor accordingly. Ultimately introducing a method: • To specify width of Transmission Line Corridor for new Transmission Lines Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 2 f K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Chapter - 2 Problem Identification 2.1 Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Buildings and Other Structures There should be a minimum separation distance, required to ensure safe operation of human beings and other objects together with Transmission Line in the close proximity of Transmission Lines. The Horizontal clearances are to be applied for the displaced conductors from rest. To count the total safe distance from conductor attachment point, blowout of the conductor and the insulator string has to be taken in to consideration. In order to provide an additional cushion of safety, higher values can be kept other than the minimum Electrical Clearance. 2.1.1 Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Buildings The Technical Specification of Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) for Transmission Lines does not specify horizontal clearance to buildings. Only the vertical clearances are specified. But, it is necessary to specify the horizontal clearance values for the implementation of Transmission Lines. The following figure simply gives the idea of minimum Horizontal Clearance. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 3 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Minimum Horizontal Cleranceto Buildings X-swing of the conductor P-conductor inclined sag at maximum wind pressure 0 - Swing angle of the conductor l-length of the insulator string Figure 2-1: minimum horizontal clearance for buildings When people are going to construct buildings in the close proximity of Transmission Lines, the relevant Pradeshiya Sabha asks CEB (Transmission Design Branch) about the required distance from the existing Transmission Lines. Currently, CEB specifies the required vertical clearance but no horizontal clearance is defined. 2.1.2 Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Other Structures As was discussed under clause 2.1.1, Horizontal clearance to other structures is also necessary to be defined. For that, it is necessary to categorise the type of objects according to the requirement. The safety is the major consideration for Horizontal Clearance. 2.2 Right-of-Way (ROW) Width For Transmission Lines, a right-of-way provides an environment, which allows the line to be operated and maintained safely and reliably. Determination of the right-of- way width is a task that requires the consideration of a variety of judgmental, technical, and economic factors. Funding agencies who are more concerned about environmental impact is inquiring for these distances before allocating funds for the project. Recently this issue was raised before the fund allocation for 2008 projects by Asian Development Bank Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 4 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 (ADB). However Transmission Design Branch did not specify any value since there was no study had been done on this clearance. 2.3 Vegetation Management Fires or electrical hazards and accidents can occur if vegetation is not controlled or cleared around overhead electricity power lines, resulting in serious risks to people and property and significant cost to CEB. However, there is no vegetation management properly specified in CEB. Different project handlers are using different width of way leaves but there is no standard specification. Further, it is necessary to manage proper maintenance of vegetation considering the safety of humans, maximum utilization of private lands and non-interruption of power supply. 2.4 Effects from Magnetic and Electric Fields There are worldwide concerns to hazards caused due to the electro magnetic radiation from Transmission Lines. However, there are constructions under existing lines and no recommended limits for magnetic and electrical fields exist. 2.5 Objective The objective of this project is to study the Horizontal Clearance to buildings and other objects, Right-of-Way Width for Transmission Lines, effects from Magnetic Field radiation considering the hazards due to field effect and the possibility of planting trees with different heights within ROW. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 5 2.6 Sources of Data In order to accomplish the goal, data was collected from following sources. > Technical Specifications - Transmission Line, Ceylon Electricity Board > www.windfinder.com > Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Sri Lanka and the Maldives by D. Elliott, M. Schwartz, G. Scott, S. Haymes, D. Heimiller, R. George National Renewable Energy Laboratory > Master Plan Study for Development of the Transmission System of Electricity Board, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan, Final Report, Appendix, January 1997. > List of Towers, Mathugama - Ambalangoda 132kV Transmission line, Power Sector Development Transmission Project - Lot B Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 6 Chapter - 3 Methodology 3.1 Methodology of Calculation of Conductor Horizontal Displacement The conductor horizontal displacement can be calculated using simple trigonometric theory. The following figure shows the simple idea of conductor horizontal displacement. According to the figure, the conductor horizontal displacement can be calculated by considering the inclined sag of the conductor and blowout length of insulator string at maximum wind pressure. X-swing of the conductor P-conductor inclined sag at maximum wind pressure 0 - Swing angle of the conductor l-length of the insulator string —spssss Figure 3-1: Conductor Horizontal Displacement It is necessary to calculate the conductor swing angle to derive the horizontal displacement assuming that the conductor swing angle is same as the insulator swing angle. 3.1.1 Methodology of Calculation of Swing Angle Simply, the swing angle can be calculated as shown below considering the horizontal and vertical forces on the conductor. X = (p+l) sin 0 Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 7 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 D*F Swing Angle, 0 = Tan" 1(d*F/w) Where: D- Diameter of the conductor F-Wind Pressure W-Weight of the conductor Figure 3-2: Conductor Swing Angle 3.1.2 Methodology of Calculation of Conductor Sag The conductor sag is dependent on several factors which are listed below. 1. Equivalent span 2. Wind pressure 3. Operating temperature 4. Conductor properties • Diameter of conductor • Total cross sectional area • Modulus of elasticity • Linear coefficient of expansion • Ultimate breaking strength • Weight of the conductor per meter > Equivalent span This is the weighted average or equivalent design span between two dead end supports. This span is useful when selecting appropriate template for a given section. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 8 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Tension tower Suspension tower Suspension tower Tension tower Tension tower Equivalent span = ' J L, + L 2 + L 3 + L 4 + LN Figure 3-3: Equivalent Span The Technical Specification of Transmission Line defines different equivalent span for different operating voltages of the line as shown below. 132kV 220kV Equivalent Span Applicable Range Equivalent Span Applicable Range 200 176-275 150 126-225 300 276-375 250 226-325 400 376-475 350 326-425 500 476-575 450 426-525 Table 3-1: Defined Eguivalent Span in CEB The calculation of conductor vertical or inclined sag is necessary to be discussed in two steps, since the conductor maximum sag is calculated using the formula and the sag at any other point is determined from the coordinates of the catenary curve. Therefore, the following steps are to be taken into consideration. The horizontal displacement of the conductor is also necessary to be discussed accordingly. I. The conductor sag at mid-span for specific equivalent span II. Calculation of Conductor Sag at Spans other than mid-span for specific equivalent span Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 9 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 > Wind pressure The Technical Specification for Transmission Line defines maximum wind pressure which is to be used for Transmission Line Design. > Temperature Technical Specification for Transmission Line defines the minimum, everyday and maximum operating temperatures. However, the temperatures and wind pressure are same for any operating voltage. > Conductor properties If we take one operating voltage say 132kV, the first three factors are same and the properties of the conductor can be different. If we take same type of conductor say ZEBRA, there can be minor difference based on the manufacturer. Therefore, the study was carried out to observe the sag difference for the change of parameters of same conductor type. The conductor properties of ZEBPxA conductor which, used for Horana Grid Substation Project, Kerawalapitiya Kotugoda Transmission Project and Power Sector Development Project is used. The properties of Zebra Conductor against operating Voltage are shown in the following table. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 10 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 k Operating Voltage 132kV 220kV Project PSDTP HGSSP KKTP Diameter of conductor/ mm 28.62 28.62 28.62 Total cross sectional area/ mm 2 484.4 484.4 484.48 Modulus of elasticity/ N/mm 2 69000 69000 75001 Linear coefficient of expansion/ per °C 1.95E-05 1.95E-05 2.06E-05 Ultimate breaking strength/ N 130320 130320 14021 Weight of the conductor per meter/ kg/m 1.632 1.631 1.564 Table 3-2: Conductor Properties However, the calculations showed that the minor difference in parameter doesn't make a major difference in conductor sag and that difference is in the range of 10- 20mm range. When the sign value of that difference is taken for the calculation of horizontal displacement, then the effect is further reduced. Therefore, the effect from the minor difference of conductor parameters of same conductor type for the same operating voltage is considered as negligible. But if the operating voltage is different there is a considerable difference in following parameters of the conductor and it makes considerable difference in conductor sag. • Modulus of elasticity • Linear coefficient of expansion • Ultimate breaking strength • Weight of the conductor per meter Therefore, it is understood that it is necessary to develop drawings for different equivalent spans at same operating voltage and different conductor types like Lynx, Zebra and Goat. Also the same has to be repeated for different operating voltages. However, currently CEB uses Zebra conductor for new construction due to the higher current carrying capacity of the conductor. But most of the existing lines are Lynx or Goat conductor. Therefore, it is necessary to study the same for Lynx, and Goat conductor since it is required to specify the clearance from existing lines to new constructions. However, as we discussed above, some of the conductor properties vary from manufacture to manufacture. Therefore, for the calculations, the properties Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 11 of the existing conductors are required, but the required data is not available at most of the time. Further, different line have been designed for different maximum operating voltages like 54°C and 75°C.Therefore, it is not going to be addressed about the clearance for Lynx and Goat conductors. However, we can keep the same clearance as Zebra conductor even for Goat and Lynx conductors since the conductor sag for lynx or Goat conductor is lower than Zebra conductor. 3.1.2.1 Methodology of Calculation of Conductor Sag (at Mid-Span) The calculation of conductor sag is based on several steps. Here, it is necessary to calculate conductor sag at maximum operating temperature without wind pressure and inclined sag at maximum wind pressure and 15°C (the derivation of this temperature is discussed later in this Chapter). A sample calculation is shown below. Conductor Data (ZEBRA) Diameter of conductor d 28.62 mm Total cross sectional area A 484.4 mm 2 Modulus of elasticity E 69000 N/mm 2 Linear coefficient of expansion a 1.95E-05 per °C Ultimate breaking strength UBS 130320 N Weight of the conductor per meter w 1.632 kg/m Condition Data Minimum Temperature 7 deg C Dynamic wind pressure 970 N/m 2 Equivalent Span 300 m Final Temperature 75 deg C Initial factor of safety 2.5 Final Factor of safety 4.5 Wind Force on Conductor, F A = 970*28.62*10"3 N/m = 27.76 N/m Loading factor with wind at given Temperature, = (P2+w2)1/2/w Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 12 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 = 2.0 Loading factor without wind at max temp = (P 2 +w 2 ) 1 / 2 /w = 1.0 Max Allowable working Tension of the conductor = UTS/2.5 = 52128 52128 Max Allowable stress on conductor, f1 Weight of the conductor with grease, 6 484.4 107.61 0.033 Then working stress, f2 can be determined by following formula fl f - f- a 2 .S2.Q2.E 2 4 . / i 2 -ai.E J aL8\Q{.E 24 N where: fi. Max Allowable stress on conductor E - Modulus of Elasticity a - Equivalent Span t - Temperature Difference a- Linear coefficient of expansion N/mm 2 N/m/mm2 Case 1: sag at 75°C without wind load t = fi ( U- fx V 24.fi 2 -a.t.E (75-7) °C 68 °C a2S\Q22.E 24 Substituting for parameters in above equation, it can be concluded with following expression. f 2 3 + 81.609*f 2 2= 2.82*10 5 Solving by Newton Raphsan method f2 = 46.88852 N/mm 2 46.88852*484.4 N Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 13 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Sag, D 22711.252 3002*0.033*1 8*46.88852 7.9299 N m m Case 2: sag at 15°C with wind load t = 24.y; 2 al.E (15-7) °C 8°C VI a2S2.Q22.E 24 Substituting for parameters in above equation, it can be concluded with following expression. f 2 3 + 0.94*f2 2 = 11.32525*105 Solving by Newton Raphsan method f2 = 103.92 N/mm 2 T Sag, D 103.92*484.4 50339.61 3002*0.033*1 8*103.92 7.16 N N m m 3.1.2.2 Methodology of Calculation of Conductor Sag at Spans Other than Mid-Span The conductor sag along the span is necessary to be taken from the coordinates of the catenary curve. The coordinates of the curve can be calculated by following equation. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 14 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Y=D*x 2 /a 2 Where: D-Maximum Sag X-Distance from maximum sag point a-Equivalent span 0,0 Figure 3-4: Catenary Curve Here, the maximum conductor sag at mid span is substituted for D. then the coordinates of the curve are taken as the conductor sag at instant points along the span. However, it is important to select the correct equivalent span for the instant span consideration. The catenary curve coordinates for Zebra conductor were calculated for all the equivalent spans discussed above (Refer Annex 3-1 to Annex 3-4). 3.1.3 Methodology of Calculation of Conductor Horizontal Displacement at Mid-Span The conductor horizontal displacement can be calculated by considering the inclined sag at maximum wind pressure and coincident temperature taking into account the length of insulator string. Here, the sag is equal to the maximum conductor sag at mid-span for the relevant equivalent span. 3.1.4 Methodology of Calculation of Conductor Horizontal Displacement at Spans Other than Mid-Span The conductor horizontal displacement can be calculated by considering the inclined sag which is taken from the coordinates of the catenary curve at maximum wind pressure and coincident temperature, taking into account the length of insulator string. However, it is important to discuss this case under following two steps. • Instant Span is lesser than the equivalent span Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 15 t K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 • Instant Span is higher than the equivalent span When the instant spans are shorter than the ruling span, there is no considerable issue of design matters. Therefore, the coordinates of the catenary curve can be taken as the sag of the conductor at any point along the span. However, when the instant spans are longer than ruling span (say 300m template is used for 310m span), we should consider the same template coordinates for the actual shape of the conductor and we should not consider the template for 310 ruling span. If we consider the equivalent 300m span, the maximum instant span that can cause to the calculation of equivalent span can be more than 375m (maximum allowable range of span). However, it is too difficult to have that much of span too since the design conditions of the towers are exceeded the allowable limits. Further, study was done on the actual spans of Mathugama - Ambalangoda 132kV Transmission line for the verification of practically possible maximum spans (Refer Annex 3-11). Finally, maximum instant span of 400m for 300m equivalent span (equal to the basic span of 132kV Voltage) and 450m for 350m equivalent span (equal to the basic span of 220kV voltage) respectively is considered for the calculation of Right-Of-Way width. Following table gives the easy reference to the calculation of conductor horizontal displacement. r Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 16 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 C o n d u c t o r H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t a t 15°C a n d M a x i m u m w i n d c o n d i t i o n for 1 3 2 k V Z E B R A C o n d u c t o r V s E q u i v a l e n t S p a n L e n g t h o f I n s u l a t o r S t r i n g 2 . 2 8 9 m E q u i v a l e n t S p a n s p a n 2 0 0 m 3 0 0 m 4 0 0 5 0 0 m X x / 2 H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t 0 0 1 .9823 1.9823 1 .9823 1 .9823 25 12 .5 2 . 0 2 6 3 2 .0254 2 . 0 2 4 9 2 . 0 2 4 6 50 25 2 .1581 2 . 1 5 4 6 2 . 1 5 2 6 2 . 1 5 1 4 75 3 7 . 5 2 . 3 7 7 8 2 . 3 6 9 9 2 . 3 6 5 5 2 . 3 6 2 8 100 50 2 . 6 8 5 3 2 .6714 2 .6635 2 . 6 5 8 8 125 6 2 . 5 3 .0808 3 .0590 3 .0467 3 .0393 150 75 3 .5641 3 .5327 3 .5150 3 .5044 175 8 7 . 5 4 . 1 3 5 3 4 . 0 9 2 6 4 . 0 6 8 5 4 . 0 5 4 0 2 0 0 100 4 . 7 9 4 3 4 . 7 3 8 6 4 . 7 0 7 1 4 . 6 8 8 2 2 2 5 112 .5 5 .5413 5 .4707 5 .4308 5 . 4 0 7 0 2 5 0 125 6 .3761 6 . 2 8 9 0 6 . 2 3 9 7 6 . 2 1 0 3 2 7 5 137 .5 7 .2987 7 .1934 7 .1338 7 .0981 3 0 0 150 8 .3093 8 .1839 8 .1130 8 .0706 325 162 .5 9 .4077 9 .2606 9 .1773 9 . 1 2 7 5 3 5 0 175 10 5 9 4 0 10 .4234 10 .3268 10 .2691 375" 187 .5 11 .8682 11 .6723 11 .5615 11 .4952 4 0 0 2 0 0 13 .2303 13 .0074 12 .8813 12 .8058 4 2 5 2 1 2 . 5 14 .6802 14 .4286 14 .2862 14 .2011 4 5 0 2 2 5 16 .2180 15 .9359 15 .7763 15 .6808 4 7 5 2 3 7 . 5 17 .8437 17 .5294 17 .3515 17 .2452 5 0 0 2 5 0 19 .5572 19 .2090 19 .0119 18 .8941 525 2 6 2 . 5 2 1 . 3 5 8 7 2 0 . 9 7 4 8 2 0 . 7 5 7 4 2 0 . 6 2 7 5 5 5 0 2 7 5 " 2 3 . 2 4 8 0 2 2 . 8 2 6 6 2 2 . 5 8 8 1 2 2 . 4 4 5 5 575 2 8 7 . 5 2 5 . 2 2 5 1 2 4 . 7 6 4 6 2 4 . 5 0 3 9 2 4 . 3 4 8 1 6 0 0 3 0 0 2 7 . 2 9 0 2 2 6 . 7 8 8 8 2 6 . 5 0 4 9 2 6 . 3 3 5 2 6 2 5 3 1 2 . 5 29 .4431 2 8 . 8 9 9 0 2 8 . 5 9 1 0 2 8 . 4 0 6 9 6 5 0 325 3 1 . 6 8 3 9 3 1 . 0 9 5 4 3 0 . 7 6 2 3 3 0 . 5 6 3 2 6 7 5 3 3 7 . 5 3 4 . 0 1 2 6 3 3 . 3 7 8 0 3 3 . 0 1 8 7 3 2 . 8 0 4 0 7 0 0 3 5 0 36 .4291 3 5 . 7 4 6 6 3 5 . 3 6 0 3 3 5 . 1 2 9 4 725T 3 6 2 . 5 3 8 . 9 3 3 6 3 8 . 2 0 1 4 3 7 . 7 8 7 0 3 7 . 5 3 9 3 7 5 0 375 4 1 . 5 2 5 9 4 0 . 7 4 2 4 4 0 . 2 9 8 9 4 0 . 0 3 3 8 775 3 8 7 . 5 4 4 . 2 0 6 0 4 3 . 3 6 9 5 4 2 . 8 9 5 9 4 2 . 6 1 2 8 8 0 0 4 0 0 4 6 . 9 7 4 1 4 6 . 0 8 2 7 4 5 . 5 7 8 1 4 5 . 2 7 6 4 N o t e : t h e c o r r e c t e q u i v a l e n t s p a f r o m o n e t o w e r l o c a t i o n s h o u l d b e t w e e n t h e t w o t o w e r s n a n d the c o l u m n o f x / 2 to r e a d t h e d i s t a n c e b e s e l e c t e d b e c a u s e x m e a n s t h e t o t a l s p a n Table 3-3: Conductor Horizontal Displacement Vs Equivalent Span for 132kV Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 17 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 C o r d i n a t e s of c a t e n a r y curve a t 15°C a n d M a x i m u m w i n d c o n d i t i o n for 220kV ZEBRA C o n d u c t o r L e n g t h of Insu la tor S t r ing = 3m Eq u i v a l e n t S p a n S p a n 150 m 250 m 350 4 5 0 m X x / 2 H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t 0 0 2 .5981 2 .5981 2 .5981 2.5981 25 12.5 2 .6402 2 .6390 2 .6384 2 .6380 50 25 37.5 2 .7665 2 .7619 279667"" 2 .7593 2 .7577 75 2 .9770 2 .9607 2 .9572 3 .2366 100 i 2 5 150 175 50 3 .2717 3.6505 4 1 1 3 6 4.6609 3.2535 3.2428 62.5 75 ~ 87.5 3 .6222 4 .0727 4 .6053 3.6055 3 .5957 4 .0488 4 .0347 4 .5726 4 .5535 200 225 250 100 112.5 125 5.2924 5.2197 5.1771 5.8621 5.1521 6.0081 5.9161 6 .6944 7.5546 5 .8305 6 .8079 6 .6277 6 .5887 275 137.5 7 .6920 7 .4740 7 .4268 300 150 8.6603 8 .4967 8 .4008 8 .3446 325 162.5 9 .7127 9 .5208 9.4082 9 .3423 350 175 10.8494 10.6268 10.4962 10.4198 375 4QQ 4 2 5 ~ 187.5 12.0702 13.3753 11.8148 13.0846 11.6648 12.9140 11.5771 200 12.8142 212.5 14.7645 14.4364 14.2438 14.1311 450 475 225 2 3 7 ' . 5 ~ 16 .2380 17.7956 15.8701 17.3857 15.6542 17.1452 15 .5278 17.0044 500 250 19.4375 18.9833 18.7168 18 .5607 525 262.5 21 .1635 20 .6628 20 .3689 22 .1017 20 .1969 550 275 287.5 22 .9737 24 .8682 22 .4242 21 .9129 575 600 625 24 .2675 23 .9150 23 .7087 300 312.5 26 .8468 26 .1928 25 .8090 25 .5843 28 .9096 28 .2000 27 .7835 29 .8386 27 .5397 650 325 31 .0566 30 .2891 29 .5750 675 " 7 0 0 725 337.5 350 33 .2879 35 .6033 32 .4601 34 .7131 37 .0480 31 .9744 34 .1907 31 .6900 33 .8849 362.5 38 .0029 36 .4876 36 .1596 750 775 375 387.5 400 40 .4867 43 .0547 45 .7069 39 .4648 41 .9635 44 .5442 38 .8651 41 .3232 38 .5141 40 .9484 800 43 .8619 43 .4625 N o t e : the c o r r e c t e q u i v a l e n t s p a n a n d the c o l u m n of x / 2 to r e a d the d is tance f rom o n e t o w e r l o c a t i o n shou ld be s e l e c t e d b e c a u s e x m e a n s the to ta l s p a n b e t w e e n the t w o t o w e r s ; | | Table 3-4: Conductor Horizontal Displacement Vs Equivalent Span for 220kV Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 18 K.K.Shvamali MORATMBk 07/8415 3.2 Minimum Horizontal Clearance 3.2.1 National Electrical Safety Code (NESC) Basic Electrical Clearance NESC has defined basic clearances which are applicable under some design conditions. There is a defined maximum wind pressure and coincident temperature for the application of horizontal clearance. Therefore, the study on possibility of taking the same clearances at CEB design conditions was carried out. NESC has defined maximum wind pressure of 290N/m 2 and the temperature of 15°C. However, in CEB the defined maximum wind pressure is 970N/m 2 and there is no temperature defined. However, these two factors are governed by I EC 60826. Therefore, a detail study was carried out based on the IEC 60826. 3.2.1.1 Maximum Wind Pressure Design wind for the line design, referring to IEC 60826, should be 10 minutes mean wind velocity measured at 10m above ground level as close as to the line. However in Sri Lanka, the Department of Meteorology does not record the wind speed in 10 minutes of time period. Further, they have done recording for a period of 3 Hours and only for few districts; Hambantota, Puttalam and Potuvill. As an alternative we can take maximum yearly wind velocity and corrected to the 10 minutes mean wind velocity and finally, we need to consider unit-action of wind on conductors as per the IEC. Currently defined wind velocity for conductors might be taken in this way. However, for the verification of the relevant wind velocity, defined wind pressure calculated as shown below following the IEC. 1/ 2*1.225*V 2 =970N/m 2 (IEC 60826) V =40m/s Then it is nearly equal to 40 m/s. Further, some wind data with available information in the web links was searched to verify the necessity of such a higher wind speed against practical wind pressure. Then, some data from the link www.windfinder.com/windreports/windreports online Ik.htm was taken. The data is available for Hambantota, Puttalam, Potuvill and Negambo for the period of 11/2007 Msc. In Electrical Engineering 94348 Page 19 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 - 5/2009 daily from 7am to 7pm local time. According to the data the maximum average wind velocity is about 24m/s in Pottuvill (Refer Annex 3-5). However, the maximum yearly wind velocity can be higher than 24m/s. The classification of wind speed which is categorized in www.windfinder.com is shown in the following table. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 20 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 m/s km/h Label Effect on sea Effects on land 0 - 0 . 2 1 Calm Sea like a mirror Calm. Smoke rises vertically. 0.3-1.5 1.0-5.0 Light Air Ripples with the appearance of scales are formed, but without foam crests Wind motion visible in smoke. 1.6-3.3 6.0-11.0 Light Breeze Small wavelets, still short, but more pronounced. Crests have a glassy appearance and do not break Wind felt on exposed skin. Leaves rustle. 3.4-5.4 12.0-19 Gentle Breeze Large wavelets. Crests begin to break. Foam of glassy appearance. Perhaps scattered white horses Leaves and smaller twigs in constant motion. 5.5-7.9 20-28 Moderate Breeze Small waves, becoming larger; fairly frequent white horses Dust and loose paper raised. Small branches begin to move. 8.0- 10.7 29-38 Fresh Breeze Moderate waves, taking a more pronounced long form; many white horses are formed. Chance of some spray Branches of a moderate size move. Small trees begin to sway. 10.8- 13.8 39-49 strong Breeze Large waves begin to form; the white foam crests are more extensive everywhere. Probably some spray Large branches in motion. Whistling heard in overhead wires. Umbrella use becomes difficult. Empty plastic garbage cans tip over. 13.9- 17.1 50-61 Near Gale Sea heaps up and white foam from breaking waves begins to be blown in streaks along the direction of the wind Whole trees in motion. Effort needed to walk against the wind. Swaying of skyscrapers may be felt, especially by people on upper floors. 17.2- 20.7 62-74 Gale Moderately high waves of greater length; edges of crests begin to break into spindrift. The foam is blown in well-marked streaks along the direction of the wind Twigs broken from trees. Cars veer on road. 20.8- 24.4 75-88 Severe Gale High waves. Dense streaks of foam along the direction of the wind. Crests of waves begin to topple, tumble and roll over. Spray may affect visibility Larger branches break off trees, and some small trees blow over. Construction/temporary signs and barricades blow over. Damage to circus tents and canopies. 24.5- 28.4 89-102 Storm Very high waves with long over-hanging crests. The resulting foam, in great patches, is blown in dense white streaks along the direction of the wind. On the whole the surface of the sea takes on a white appearance. The 'tumbling' of the sea becomes heavy and shock-like. Visibility affected Trees are broken off or uprooted, saplings bent and deformed, poorly attached asphalt shingles and shingles in poor condition peel off roofs. 28.5- 32.6 103- 117 Violent Storm Exceptionally high waves (small and medium-size ships might disappear behind the waves). The sea is completely covered with long white patches of foam flying along the direction of the wind. Everywhere the edges of the wave crests are blown into froth. Visibility affected Widespread vegetation damage. More damage to most roofing surfaces, asphalt tiles that have curled up and/or fractured due to age may break away completely. 32.7- 36.9 118- 133 Hurricane The air is filled with foam and spray. Sea completely white with driving spray; visibility very seriously affected Considerable and widespread damage to vegetation, a few windows broken, structural damage to mobile homes and poorly constructed sheds and barns. Debris may be hurled about. Table 3-5: Classification of Wind Speed in www.windfinder.com Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 21 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 According to the classification, even for Hurricane the wind speed is below 40m/s. In addition to that the Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Sri Lanka and the Maldives by D. Elliott, M. Schwartz, G. Scott, S. Haymes, D. Heimiller, R. George National Renewable Energy Laboratory was studied. Here the wind speed is classified as shown in following table. Class Resource Potential (Utility-Scale) Wind Power Density (W/m2) @ 50 m agl Wind Speed (a) (m/s) @ 50 m agl 1 Poor 0 - 2 0 0 0 . 0 - 5 . 6 2 Marginal 200 - 300 5 . 6 - 6 . 4 3 Moderate 300 - 400 6 . 4 - 7 . 0 4 Good 400 - 500 7 . 0 - 7 . 5 5 Excellent 500 - 600 7 . 5 - 8 . 0 6 Excellent 600 - 800 8 . 0 - 8 . 8 7 Excellent >800 >8.8 Table 3-6: Classification of Wind Speed in Wind Energy Resource Atlas of Sri Lanka Wind resource areas of Class 4 and higher are considered suitable for utility-scale wind power development. Therefore, it is understood that CEB has considered wind speed for the line design consideration maintaining some safety factor. Further, the defined insulator swing angle for the specification of tower body clearance is 40°C as shown in the following figure. The corresponding wind pressure for that swing angle is 470N/m 2 and the wind speed is 28m/s. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 22 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Figure 3-5: Design of Insulator Swing Angle of Tower However, that is for the safety of CEB property (tower) but if the maximum wind pressure of 970N7m2 occurred and conductor swing more than the 40°C, public property can be damaged since the towers have been designed for the maximum wind pressure. Therefore, the decision was taken to proceed with the same wind pressure which is currently used for line design in CEB. However, the wind pressure used in NESC is 290N/m 2. Then, the problem was raised that the possibility of using same basic clearances for 970N/m 2. It was understood that the effect of wind pressure comes for the calculation of conductor horizontal displacement. The probability of occurring maximum wind pressure and maximum swing of the conductor are the factors which affects the object safety. Therefore, there is no issue of using same basic clearance. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 23 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.2.1.2 Coincident Temperature The wind velocity discussed above shall be considered as occurring at an air temperature equal to the average of the minimum daily temperatures peculiar to the site as per the IEC. The average minimum daily temperature may be obtained by means of analysis of the recordings over a certain number of years in a meteorological department as close as possible to the location of the line. As an alternative it would be possible to take as a coincident air temperature which is minimum temperature increased by 15°C as per the IEC 60826 recommendation since we have used the alternative method for the calculation of maximum wind pressure. Minimum temperature should be considered as being equal to the minimum yearly value having a probability of occurrence of 2% or return period of 50 years. If the minimum possible temperature is accepted as 0°C the coincident temperature for maximum wind Pressure is 0°C+15°C (=15°C). The NESC also might use minimum temperature as 0°C and then the Coincident Temperature is as 15°C. 3.2.2 Additional Clearances based on Maximum Operating Voltage NESC has defined the clearances for the voltages up to phase voltage of 22kV. The additional clearances based on maximum operating voltage are necessary to be added to the basic clearance values according to the guidelines given by the NESC. The following sample calculation shows how we can calculate the additional clearance. Nominal system voltage between phases = 132kV Maximum Operating Voltage = 145kV Additional Clearance = (145/V3-22)*10mm 3.2.3 NESC Type Of Objects Basic clearances for different object are defined in NESC. Therefore, required categories for Sri Lanka were selected. As an example NESC has defined 0.6m Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 24 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 clearances for Grain bins, but the requirement of those clearances for Sri Lanka is not necessary. The selected types of objects are as follows. • Buildings, walls, balconies and areas which are accessible to pedestrians • Other Installations not classified as buildings like TV antennas, Tanks etc • Swimming Pools • Rail Tracks • Conductors and wires from other supporting structures • Bridges Following table shows the adapted basic clearances for objects at different voltages. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 25 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Object Condition NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Buildings, walls, balconies and areas which are accessible to pedestrians at Rest, max Temp 2.3 With wind 1.4 Other Installations not classified as buildings like TV antennas, Tanks etc at Rest, max Temp 2.3 With wind 1.4 Unguarded accessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.3 With wind 1.4 Unguarded inaccessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.0 With wind 1.4 Conductors and wires from other supporting structures at Rest, max Temp 1.5 With wind 1.4 Table 3-7: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars and Swimming pools from 132kV Lines Object NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Swimming Pools Any direction from water level 7.6 Any direction from fixed pool related structures 5.2 Rail Cars Nearest Rail 3.5 Table 3-8: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 26 Horizontal Clearance to objects from 132kV Lines Horizontal Clearance to objects from 220kV Lines Object Condition NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Buildings, walls, balconies and areas which are accessible to pedestrians at Rest, max Temp 2.3 With wind 1.4 Other Installations not classified as buildings like TV antennas, Tanks etc at Rest, max Temp 2.3 With wind 1.4 Unguarded accessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.3 With wind 1.4 Unguarded inaccessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.0 With wind 1.4 Conductors and wires from other supporting structures at Rest, max Temp 1.5 With wind 1.4 Table 3-9: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars and Swimming pools from 220kV Lines Object NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Swimming Pools Any direction from water level 7.6 Any direction from fixed pool related structures 5.2 Rail Cars Nearest Rail 3.5 Table 3-10: National Electrical Safety Code Basic Clearance Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 27 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.2.4 Clearance Adder In some countries they use some country defined clearance adder too for higher safety. Therefore, the way that CEB has defined vertical clearances against the NESC was studied. In the case of vertical clearance, CEB defined values are directly related to the NESC clearances. Further, in some cases CEB have not added the additional clearance too. Therefore, it is not sure that CEB followed NESC or some other country defined values. In addition to that, CEB has added 0.3m of additional clearance for survey error. Therefore, the decision was taken not to use clearance adder except the survey error. This can be considered as some sort of clearance adder. 3.2.5 Recommended Total Horizontal Clearance The total horizontal clearance to object is equals to the addition of NESC basic clearance and calculated additional clearance. Total clearance is taken by following Equation as we discussed earlier. Total Clearance = NESC Clearance for V p =22kV + NESC Additional Clearance 0.3m of survey error is necessary to be added for all the clearance values obtained from above equation. According to clause 3.2.3, it can be seen that in some cases we have to keep different clearances based on different objects. The following tables shows the relevant clearances based on different type of conductors, spans, voltage level and type of objects etc. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 28 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 t Object Condition NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Additional Clearance VLL=132kV/(m) Clearance Adder/m Total Clearance/m Buildings, walls, balconies and areas which are accessible to pedestrians at Rest, max Temp 2.3 0.6 0.3 3.2 With wind 1.4 0.6 0.3 2.3 Other Installations not classified as buildings like TV antennas Tanks at Rest, max Temp 2.3 0.6 0.3 3.2 etc With wind 1.4 0.6 0.3 2.3 Unguarded accessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.3 0.6 0.3 3.2 With wind 1.4 0.6 0.3 2.3 Unguarded inaccessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.0 0.6 0.3 2.9 With wind 1.4 0.6 0.3 2.3 Conductors and wires from other supporting structures at Rest, max Temp 1.5 0.6 0.3 2.4 With wind 1.4 0.6 0.3 2.3 Table 3-11: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to objects 132 KV Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars and Swimming pools from 132kV Lines Object NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Additional Clearance VLL=132kV/(m) Clearance Adder/m Total Clearance/m Swimming Pools Any direction from water level 7.6 0.3 0.3 8.5 Any direction from fixed pool related structures 5.2 0.6 0.3 6.1 Rail Cars Nearest Rail 3.5 0.6 0.3 4.4 Table 3-12: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars-132 KV Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 29 Horizontal Clearance to objects from 132kV Lines K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Object Condition NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Additional Clearance VLL=220kV/(m) Clearance Adder/m Total Clearance/m Buildings, walls, balconies and areas which are accessible to pedestrians at Rest, max Temp 2.3 1.2 0.3 3.8 With wind 1.4 1.2 0.3 2.9 Other Installations not classified as buildings like TV antennas, Tanks etc at Rest, max Temp 2.3 1.2 0.3 3.8 With wind 1.4 1.2 0.3 2.9 Unguarded accessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.3 1.2 0.3 3.8 With wind 1.4 1.2 0.3 2.9 Unguarded inaccessible parts of Bridges at Rest, max Temp 2.0 1.2 0.3 3.5 With wind 1.4 1.2 0.3 2.9 Conductors and wires from other supporting structures at Rest, max Temp 1.5 1.2 0.3 3.0 With wind 1.4 1.2 0.3 2.9 Table 3-13: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to obiects-220 KV Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars and Swimming pools from 220kV Lines Object NESC basic clearance for V p=22kV/(m) Additional Clearance VLL=220kV/(m) Clearance Adder/m Total Clearance/m Swimming Pools Any direction from water level 7.6 1.2 0.3 9.1 Any direction from fixed pool related structures 5.2 1.2 0.3 6.7 Rail Cars Nearest Rail 3.5 1.2 0.3 5.0 Table 3-14: Minimum Horizontal Clearance to Rail Cars-220 KV Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 30 Horizontal Clearance to objects from 220kV Lines K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.3 Methodology of Calculation of Total Horizontal Separation The total horizontal displacement from centre line of a transmission line to any object depends on three factors. They are; • The conductor horizontal displacement at maximum wind pressure • Minimum horizontal clearance • The length of the cross arm The first two factors were discussed under clause 3.1 and 3.2 above and the length of the cross arm also depend on the manufacturer. However, each and every manufacturer tries to manufacture the tower at minimum cost. That is, for a selected maximum operating voltage most of the time the towers have the same length of cross arms. However, it is very much fair if we specify the total horizontal separation from the conductor attachment point to the object. Total horizontal separation between conductors and any other objects can be directly taken from the addition of conductor horizontal displacement and horizontal clearance. The following tables provide the easy reference for total Horizontal separation from conductor attachment point to objects. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 31 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 T h e H o r i z o n t a l S e p a r a t i o n b e t w e e n 1 3 2 k V Z E B R A C o n d u c t o r A t t a c h m e n t P o i n t a n d T h e fo M o w i n g O b j e c t s B u i l d i n g s , w a l l s , b a l c o n i e s a n d a r e a s w h i c h a r e a c c e s s i b l e to p e d e s t r i a n s O t h e r I n s t a l l a t i o n s n o t c l a s s i f i e d a s b u i l d i n g s l i k e T V a n t e n n a s , T a n k s e t c U n g u a r d e d a c c e s s i b l e p a r t s o f B r i d g e s U n g u a r d e d i n a c c e s s i b l e p a r t s o f B r i d g e s C o n d u c t o r s a n d w i r e s f r o m o th e r s u p p o r t in g s t r u c t u r e s M i n i m u m H o r i z o n ta I C le a ra n c e = 2 . 3 m r E q u i v a l e n t S p a n S 9 a n 2 0 0 m 3 0 0 4 0 0 m 5 0 0 m X x / 2 H o r i z o n ta I D is p l a c e m e n t T o ta 1 H o r i z o n ta 1 S e p a ra t io n B e t w e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m H o r i z o n ta I D is p l a c e m e n t T o t a I H o r i z o n ta I S e p a r a t i o n B e tw e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m H o r i z o n ta 1 D is p l a c e m e n t T o ta 1 H o r i z o n ta 1 S e p a ra t io n B e t w e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m H o r i z o n ta 1 D is p l a c e m e n t T o ta I H o r i z o n ta I S e p a r a t i o n B e tw e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m 0 0 1 . 9 8 2 3 4 . 2 8 2 3 1 . 9 8 2 3 4 . 2 8 2 3 1 . 9 8 2 3 4 . 2 8 2 3 1 . 9 8 2 3 6 . 5 8 2 3 2 5 1 2 .5 2 . 0 2 6 3 4 . 3 2 6 3 2 . 0 2 5 4 4 . 3 2 5 4 2 . 0 2 4 9 4 . 3 2 4 9 2 . 0 2 4 6 6 . 6 2 4 9 5 0 2 5 2 . 1 5 8 1 4 . 4 5 8 1 2 . 1 5 4 6 4 . 4 5 4 6 2 . 1 5 2 6 4 . 4 5 2 6 2 . 1 5 1 4 6 . 7 5 2 6 7 5 3 7 . 5 2 . 3 7 7 8 4 . 6 7 7 8 2 . 3 6 9 9 4 . 6 6 9 9 2 . 3 6 5 5 4 . 6 6 5 5 2 . 3 6 2 8 6 . 9 6 5 5 1 0 0 5 0 2 . 6 8 5 3 4 . 9 8 5 3 2 . 6 7 1 4 4 . 9 7 1 4 2 . 6 6 3 5 4 . 9 6 3 5 2 . 6 5 8 8 7 . 2 6 3 5 1 2 5 6 2 . 5 3 . 0 8 0 8 5 . 3 8 0 8 3 . 0 5 9 0 5 . 3 5 9 0 3 . 0 4 6 7 5 . 3 4 6 7 3 . 0 3 9 3 7 . 6 4 6 7 1 5 0 7 5 3 . 5 6 4 1 5 . 8 6 4 1 3 . 5 3 2 7 5 . 8 3 2 7 3 . 5 1 5 0 5 .8 1 5 0 3 . 5 0 4 4 8 . 1 1 5 0 1 7 5 8 7 . 5 4 . 1 3 5 3 6 . 4 3 5 3 4 . 0 9 2 6 6 . 3 9 2 6 4 . 0 6 8 5 6 . 3 6 8 5 4 . 0 5 4 0 8 . 6 6 8 5 2 0 0 1 0 0 4 . 7 9 4 3 7 . 0 9 4 3 4 . 7 3 8 6 7 . 0 3 8 6 4 . 7 0 7 1 7 . 0 0 7 1 4 . 6 8 8 2 9 . 3 0 7 1 2 2 5 1 1 2 .5 5 . 5 4 1 3 7 . 8 4 1 3 5 . 4 7 0 7 7 . 7 7 0 7 5 . 4 3 0 8 7 . 7 3 0 8 5 . 4 0 7 0 1 0 . 0 3 0 8 2 5 0 1 2 5 6 . 3 7 6 1 8 . 6 7 6 1 6 . 2 8 9 0 8 . 5 8 9 0 6 . 2 3 9 7 8 . 5 3 9 7 6 . 2 1 0 3 1 0 . 8 3 9 7 2 7 5 1 3 7 . 5 7 . 2 9 8 7 9 . 5 9 8 7 7 . 1 9 3 4 9 . 4 9 3 4 7 . 1 3 3 8 9 . 4 3 3 8 7 . 0 9 8 1 1 1 . 7 3 3 8 3 0 0 1 5 0 8 . 3 0 9 3 1 0 . 6 0 9 3 8 . 1 8 3 9 1 0 . 4 8 3 9 8 . 1 1 3 0 1 0 . 4 1 3 0 8 . 0 7 0 6 1 2 . 7 1 3 0 3 2 5 1 6 2 . 5 9 . 4 0 7 7 1 1 . 7 0 7 7 9 . 2 6 0 6 1 1 . 5 6 0 6 9 . 1 7 7 3 1 1 . 4 7 7 3 9 . 1 2 7 5 1 3 . 7 7 7 3 3 5 0 1 7 5 1 0 . 5 9 4 0 1 2 . 8 9 4 0 1 0 . 4 2 3 4 1 2 . 7 2 34 1 0 . 3 2 6 8 1 2 . 6 2 6 8 1 0 . 2 6 9 1 1 4 . 9 2 6 8 3 7 5 1 8 7 . 5 1 1 . 8 6 8 2 1 4 . 1 6 8 2 1 1 . 6 7 2 3 1 3 . 9 7 2 3 1 1 . 5 6 1 5 1 3 . 8 6 1 5 1 1 . 4 9 5 2 1 6 . 1 6 1 5 4 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 . 2 3 0 3 1 5 . 5 3 0 3 1 3 . 0 0 7 4 1 5 . 3 0 7 4 1 2 . 8 8 1 3 1 5 . 1 8 1 3 1 2 . 8 0 5 8 1 7 . 48 1 3 4 2 5 2 1 2 .5 1 4 . 6 8 0 2 1 6 . 9 8 0 2 1 4 . 4 2 8 6 1 6 . 7 2 8 6 1 4 . 2 8 6 2 1 6 . 5 8 6 2 1 4 . 2 0 1 1 1 8 . 8 8 6 2 4 5 0 2 2 5 1 6 .2 1 8 0 1 8 . 5 1 8 0 1 5 . 9 3 5 9 1 8 . 2 3 5 9 1 5 . 7 7 6 3 1 8 . 0 7 6 3 1 5 . 6 8 0 8 2 0 . 3 7 6 3 4 7 5 2 3 7 . 5 1 7 . 8 4 3 7 2 0 . 1 4 3 7 1 7 . 5 2 9 4 1 9 . 8 2 9 4 1 7 . 3 5 1 5 1 9 . 65 1 5 1 7 . 2 4 5 2 2 1 . 9 5 1 5 5 0 0 2 5 0 1 9 . 5 5 7 2 2 1 . 8 5 7 2 1 9 . 2 0 9 0 2 1 . 5 0 9 0 1 9 .0 1 1 9 2 1 . 3 1 1 9 1 8 . 8 9 4 1 2 3 . 6 1 1 9 5 2 5 2 6 2 . 5 2 1 . 3 5 8 7 2 3 . 6 5 8 7 2 0 . 9 7 4 8 2 3 . 2 7 4 8 2 0 . 7 5 7 4 2 3 . 0 5 7 4 2 0 . 6 2 7 5 2 5 . 3 5 7 4 5 5 0 2 7 5 2 3 . 2 4 8 0 2 5 . 5 4 8 0 2 2 . 8 2 6 6 2 5 . 1 2 6 6 2 2 . 5 8 8 1 2 4 . 8 8 8 1 2 2 . 4 4 5 5 2 7 . 1 88 1 5 7 5 2 8 7 . 5 2 5 . 2 2 5 1 2 7 . 5 2 5 1 2 4 . 7 6 4 6 2 7 . 0 6 4 6 2 4 . 5 0 3 9 2 6 . 8 0 3 9 2 4 . 3 4 8 1 2 9 . 1 0 3 9 6 0 0 3 0 0 2 7 . 2 9 0 2 2 9 . 5 9 0 2 2 6 . 7 8 8 8 2 9 . 0 8 8 8 2 6 . 5 0 4 9 2 8 . 8 0 4 9 2 6 . 3 3 5 2 3 1 . 1 0 4 9 6 2 5 3 1 2 . 5 2 9 . 4 4 3 1 31 . 7 4 3 1 2 8 . 8 9 9 0 3 1 . 1 9 9 0 2 8 . 5 9 1 0 3 0 . 8 9 1 0 2 8 . 4 0 6 9 3 3 . 1 9 1 0 6 5 0 3 2 5 3 1 . 6 8 3 9 3 3 . 9 8 3 9 3 1 . 0 9 5 4 3 3 . 3 9 5 4 3 0 . 7 6 2 3 3 3 . 0 6 2 3 3 0 . 5 6 3 2 3 5 . 3 6 2 3 6 7 5 3 3 7 . 5 3 4 . 0 1 2 6 3 6 . 3 1 2 6 3 3 . 3 7 8 0 3 5 . 6 7 8 0 3 3 . 0 1 8 7 3 5 . 3 1 8 7 3 2 . 8 0 4 0 3 7 .6 1 8 7 7 0 0 3 5 0 3 6 . 4 2 9 1 3 8 . 7 2 9 1 3 5 . 7 4 6 6 3 8 . 0 4 6 6 3 5 . 3 6 0 3 3 7 . 6 6 0 3 3 5 . 1 2 9 4 3 9 . 9 6 0 3 7 2 5 3 6 2 . 5 3 8 . 9 3 3 6 4 1 . 2 3 3 6 3 8 . 2 0 1 4 4 0 . 5 0 1 4 3 7 . 7 8 7 0 4 0 . 0 8 7 0 3 7 . 5 3 9 3 4 2 . 3 8 7 0 7 5 0 3 7 5 4 1 . 5 2 5 9 4 3 . 8 2 5 9 4 0 . 7 4 2 4 4 3 . 0 4 2 4 4 0 . 2 9 8 9 4 2 . 5 9 8 9 4 0 . 0 3 3 8 4 4 . 8 9 8 9 7 7 5 3 8 7 . 5 4 4 . 2 0 6 0 4 6 . 5 0 6 0 4 3 . 3 6 9 5 4 5 . 6 6 9 5 4 2 . 8 9 5 9 4 5 . 1 9 5 9 4 2 . 6 1 2 8 4 7 . 4 9 5 9 8 0 0 4 0 0 4 6 . 9 7 4 1 4 9 . 2 7 4 1 4 6 . 0 8 2 7 4 8 . 3 8 2 7 4 5 . 5 7 8 1 4 7 . 8 7 8 1 4 5 . 2 7 6 4 5 0 . 1 7 8 1 N o t e : y o u s h o u l d s e l e c t t h e c o r r e c t e q u i v a l e n t s p a n a n d t h e c o l u m n o f x / 2 to r e a d t h e d i s t a n c e f r o m o n e t o w e r l o c a t i o n b e c a u s e x m e a n s t h e t o t a l s p a n b e t w e e n t h e t w o t o w e r s Table 3-15: Minimum Horizontal Separation between 132kV conductor attachment point and the other objects Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 32 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 T h e H o riz o n ta I S e p a r a t i o n b e t w e e n 2 2 0 kV Z E B R A C o n d u c t o r A t t a c h m e n t P o i n t a n d T h e f o l i o w i n g O b j e c t s B u i l d i n g s , w a l l s , b a l c o n i e s a n d a r e a s w h i c h a r e a c c e s s i b l e to p e d e s t r i a n s O t h e r I n s t a l l a t i o n s n o t c l a s s i f i e d a s b u i l d i n g s l i ke T V a n t e n n a s , T a n k s e t c U n g u a r d e d a c c e s s i b l e p a r t s o f B r i d g e s U n g u a r d e d i n a c c e s s i b l e p a r t s o f B r i d g e s C o n d u c t o r s a n d w i r e s f r o m o t h e r s u p p o r t i n g s t r u c t u r e s M i n i m u m H o r i z o n t a l C lea ran c e = 2 . 9 m E q u i v a l e n t S p a n S >an 1 5 0 m 2 5 0 3 5 0 m 4 5 0 m X x / 2 H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t T o t a l H o r i z o n t a l S e p a r a t i o n B e t w e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t T o t a l H o r i z o n t a l S e p a r a t i o n B e t w e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t T o t a l H o r i z o n t a l S e p a r a t i o n B e t w e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m H o r i z o n t a l D i s p l a c e m e n t T o t a l H o r i z o n t a l S e p a r a t i o n B e tw e e n C o n d u c t o r s a n d o b j e c t s / m 0 0 2 . 5 9 8 1 5 . 4 9 8 1 2 . 5 9 8 1 5 . 4 9 8 1 2 . 5 9 8 1 5 . 4 9 8 1 2 . 5 9 8 1 8 . 3 9 8 1 25 1 2 . 5 2 . 6 4 0 2 5 . 5 4 0 2 2 . 6 3 9 0 5 . 5 3 9 0 2 . 6 3 8 4 5 . 5 3 8 4 2 . 6 3 8 0 8 . 4 3 8 4 50 25 2 . 7 6 6 5 5 . 6 6 6 5 2 . 7 6 1 9 5 . 6 6 1 9 2 . 7 5 9 3 5 . 6 5 9 3 2 . 7 5 7 7 8 . 5 5 9 3 75 3 7 . 5 2 . 9 7 7 0 5 . 8 7 7 0 2 . 9 6 6 7 5 . 8 6 6 7 2 . 9 6 0 7 5 . 8 6 0 7 2 . 9 5 7 2 8 . 7 6 0 7 1 00 50 3 . 2 7 1 7 6 . 1 7 1 7 3 . 2 5 3 5 6 . 1 5 3 5 3 . 2 4 2 8 6 . 1 4 2 8 3 . 2 3 6 6 9 . 0 4 2 8 1 2 5 6 2 . 5 3 . 6 5 0 5 6 . 5 5 0 5 3 . 6 2 2 2 6 . 5 2 2 2 3 . 6 0 5 5 6 . 5 0 5 5 3 . 5 9 5 7 9 . 4 0 5 5 1 50 75 4 .1 1 36 7 . 0 1 3 6 4 . 0 7 2 7 6 . 9 7 2 7 4 . 0 4 8 8 6 . 9 4 8 8 4 . 0 3 4 7 9 . 8 4 8 8 1 75 8 7 . 5 4 . 6 6 0 9 7 . 5 6 0 9 4 . 6 0 5 3 7 . 5 0 5 3 4 . 5 7 2 6 7 . 4 7 2 6 4 . 5 5 3 5 1 0 . 3 7 2 6 2 0 0 1 0 0 5 . 2 9 2 4 8.1 9 2 4 5 . 2 1 9 7 8.1 197 5 . 1 7 7 1 8 . 0 7 7 1 5 . 1 5 2 1 1 0 . 9 7 7 1 2 2 5 1 12 .5 6 . 0 0 8 1 8 . 9 0 8 1 5 . 9 1 6 1 8 . 8 1 6 1 5 . 8 6 2 1 8 . 7 6 2 1 5 . 8 3 0 5 1 1 . 6 6 2 1 2 5 0 125 6 . 8 0 7 9 9 . 7 0 7 9 6 . 6 9 4 4 9 . 5 9 4 4 6 . 6 2 7 7 9 . 5 2 7 7 6 . 5 8 8 7 1 2 . 4 2 7 7 2 7 5 1 3 7 . 5 7 . 6 9 2 0 1 0 . 5 9 2 0 7 . 5 5 4 6 1 0 . 4 5 4 6 7 . 4 7 4 0 1 0 . 3 7 4 0 7 . 4 2 6 8 1 3 . 2 7 4 0 3 0 0 1 50 8 . 6 6 0 3 1 1 . 5 6 0 3 8 . 4 9 6 7 1 1 . 3 9 6 7 8 . 4 0 0 8 1 1 . 3 0 0 8 8 . 3 4 4 6 1 4 . 2 0 0 8 3 2 5 1 6 2 . 5 9 . 7 1 2 7 1 2 . 6 1 2 7 9 . 5 2 0 8 1 2 . 4 2 0 8 9 . 4 0 8 2 1 2 . 3 0 8 2 9 . 3 4 2 3 1 5 . 2 0 8 2 3 5 0 175 1 0 . 8 4 9 4 1 3 . 7 4 9 4 1 0 . 6 2 6 8 1 3 . 5 2 6 8 1 0 . 4 9 6 2 1 3 . 3 9 6 2 1 0 . 4 1 9 8 1 6 . 2 9 6 2 3 7 5 1 8 7 . 5 1 2 . 0 7 0 2 1 4 . 9 7 0 2 1 1 . 8 1 4 8 1 4 . 7 1 4 8 1 1 . 6 6 4 8 1 4 . 5 6 4 8 1 1 . 5 7 7 1 1 7 . 4 6 4 8 4 0 0 2 0 0 1 3 . 3 7 5 3 1 6 . 2 7 5 3 1 3 . 0 8 4 6 1 5 . 9 8 4 6 1 2 . 9 1 4 0 1 5 . 8 1 4 0 1 2 . 8 1 4 2 1 8 . 7 1 4 0 4 2 5 2 1 2 . 5 1 4 . 7 6 4 5 1 7 . 6 6 4 5 1 4 . 4 3 6 4 1 7 . 3 3 6 4 1 4 . 2 4 3 8 1 7 . 1 4 3 8 1 4 . 1 3 1 1 2 0 . 0 4 3 8 4 5 0 2 2 5 1 6 . 2 3 8 0 1 9 . 1 3 8 0 1 5 . 8 7 0 1 1 8 . 7 7 0 1 1 5 . 6 5 4 2 1 8 . 5 5 4 2 1 5 . 5 2 7 8 21 . 4 5 4 2 4 7 5 2 3 7 . 5 1 7 . 7 9 5 6 2 0 . 6 9 5 6 1 7 . 3 8 5 7 2 0 . 2 8 5 7 1 7 . 1 4 5 2 2 0 . 0 4 5 2 1 7 . 0 0 4 4 2 2 . 9 4 5 2 5 0 0 2 5 0 1 9 . 4 3 7 5 2 2 . 3 3 7 5 1 8 . 9 8 3 3 21 . 8 8 3 3 1 8 . 7 1 6 8 21 . 6 1 6 8 1 8 . 5 6 0 7 2 4 . 5 1 6 8 5 2 5 2 6 2 . 5 2 1 . 1 6 3 5 2 4 . 0 6 3 5 2 0 . 6 6 2 8 2 3 . 5 6 2 8 2 0 . 3 6 8 9 2 3 . 2 6 8 9 2 0 . 1 9 6 9 2 6 . 1 6 8 9 5 5 0 2 7 5 2 2 . 9 7 3 7 2 5 . 8 7 3 7 2 2 . 4 2 4 2 2 5 . 3 2 4 2 2 2 . 1 0 1 7 2 5 . 0 0 1 7 21 .91 29 2 7 . 9 0 1 7 5 7 5 2 8 7 . 5 2 4 . 8 6 8 2 2 7 . 7 6 8 2 2 4 . 2 6 7 5 2 7 . 1 6 7 5 2 3 . 9 1 5 0 2 6 . 8 1 50 2 3 . 7 0 8 7 2 9 . 7 1 5 0 6 0 0 3 0 0 2 6 . 8 4 6 8 2 9 . 7 4 6 8 2 6 . 1 9 2 8 2 9 . 0 9 2 8 2 5 . 8 0 9 0 2 8 . 7 0 9 0 2 5 . 5 8 4 3 31 . 6 0 9 0 6 2 5 3 1 2 . 5 2 8 . 9 0 9 6 31 . 8 0 9 6 2 8 . 2 0 0 0 3 1 . 1 0 0 0 2 7 . 7 8 3 5 3 0 . 6 8 3 5 2 7 . 5 3 9 7 3 3 . 5 8 3 5 6 5 0 3 2 5 3 1 . 0 5 6 6 3 3 . 9 5 6 6 3 0 . 2 8 9 1 3 3 . 1 8 9 1 2 9 . 8 3 8 6 3 2 . 7 3 8 6 2 9 . 5 7 5 0 3 5 . 6 3 8 6 6 7 5 3 3 7 . 5 3 3 . 2 8 7 9 3 6 . 1 8 7 9 3 2 . 4 6 0 1 3 5 . 3 6 0 1 31 . 9 7 4 4 3 4 . 8 7 4 4 3 1 . 6 9 0 0 3 7 . 7 7 4 4 7 0 0 3 5 0 3 5 . 6 0 3 3 3 8 . 5 0 3 3 3 4 . 7 1 31 3 7 . 6 1 31 3 4 . 1 9 0 7 3 7 . 0 9 0 7 3 3 . 8 8 4 9 3 9 . 9 9 0 7 7 2 5 3 6 2 . 5 3 8 . 0 0 2 9 4 0 . 9 0 2 9 3 7 . 0 4 8 0 3 9 . 9 4 8 0 3 6 . 4 8 7 6 3 9 . 3 8 7 6 36 .1 5 9 6 4 2 . 2 8 7 6 7 5 0 3 7 5 4 0 . 4 8 6 7 4 3 . 3 8 6 7 3 9 . 4 6 4 8 4 2 . 3 6 4 8 3 8 . 8 6 5 1 41 . 7 6 5 1 3 8 . 5 1 4 1 4 4 . 6 6 5 1 7 7 5 3 8 7 . 5 4 3 . 0 5 4 7 4 5 . 9 5 4 7 41 . 9 6 3 5 4 4 . 8 6 3 5 41 . 3 2 3 2 4 4 . 2 2 3 2 4 0 . 9 4 8 4 4 7 . 1 2 3 2 8 0 0 4 0 0 4 5 . 7 0 6 9 4 8 . 6 0 6 9 4 4 . 5 4 4 2 4 7 . 4 4 4 2 4 3 . 8 6 1 9 4 6 . 7 6 1 9 4 3 . 4 6 2 5 4 9 . 6 6 1 9 N o t e : y o b e t w e e n u s h o u l d s e l e c t t h e t h e t w o t o w e r s c o r r e c t e q u i v a l e n t s p a n a n d t h e c o l u m n of x /2 to r e a d t h e d i s t a n c e f r o m o n e t o w e r l o c a t i o n b e c a u s e x m e a n s t h e t o t a l s p a n Table 3-16: Minimum Horizontal Separation between 220kV conductor attachment point and the other objects Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 33 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.4 Methodology of Calculation of Right-Of-Way (ROW) Width 3.4.1 Right of Way Width for Single Line Following figure shows the simple idea of the Right-Of-Way. 5 cross, a r m Figure 3-6: Top View of Riaht-of-Wav In the case of ROW, the mid-span sag at basic design span is considered for the calculation of total width. As per the technical specification, the basic design spans for 132kV and 220kV are 300m and 350m respectively. However, if the concept of equivalent span is considered, there is a range of using the same basic span between two section towers. Therefore, maximum range for the ROW is defined by considering the possible maximum instant span without violating the design conditions of tower as discussed above. According to the minimum horizontal clearance, objects as we discussed above, the required minimum clearance to different objects are different. However, most of the objects have the same clearance except for Swimming Pools and Rail Cars. Therefore, it is decided to specify the ROW for the most common value and the availability of swimming pools near transmission lines is very much rear. Therefore, the availability of those two objects is decided to consider as special conditions and keep the clearance accordingly without considering the typical ROW. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 34 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 The developed drawings for ROW show the basic steps of calculating ROW. Therefore, wherever additional clearance is necessary, total width can be derived accordingly. Typical right-of-way width is shown by the drawings attached in Annex 3-6. 3.4.2 Single Right of Way Width for More Lines Transmission line ROW can be shared with town or county roads, highways, railroads, etc. However, this covers the sharing of line corridor with other Transmission Line. Corridor sharing with existing facilities is usually encouraged because it minimizes impacts by: • Reducing the amount of new ROW required • Concentrating linear land uses and reducing the number of new corridors • Creating an incremental, rather than a new impact When there are two or more lines in the same corridor, three conditions shown in following figure should be taken in to consideration. The following assumptions are considered for different situations. • For z, Tower of One Line is located next to the mid-span point of the line that has maximum sag • For x & y, Mid-span of both lines is in lined with each other Out of above three values, the critical value should be taken into consideration. In this case there are two Transmission voltages. Further, 33kV distribution lines also strings over tower Lines. Therefore, sharing of the same corridor is necessary to be Figure 3-7: shared Corridor Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 35 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 studied for two Transmission voltages and 33kV distribution voltage. The drawings were developed for following voltage combination. • ROW for two 220kV and 220kV lines • ROW for two 220kV and 132kV lines • ROW for two 220kV and 33kV lines • ROW for two 132kV and 132kV lines • ROW for two 132kV and 33kV lines The developed scaled drawings for different voltages are shown in Annex 3-7 However, as per the previous explanation, the width of shared corridor is depends on the cross arms length of both towers .therefore, the distance between two adjacent conductors of two lines is important. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 36 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.5 Building Construction Within Right-Of-Way(ROW) The power companies in most of the countries do not allow living within ROW. However, in Sri Lanka there is no such policy imposed by CEB. Therefore, the construction of buildings within Right-Of-Way can be allowed keeping basic vertical and horizontal clearances to buildings. However there is a risk if the conductor is fallen down on the buildings and any protection is not operated automatically to de- energize the conductor before the conductor released from their permanent position. Therefore, new construction exactly under the existing Transmission line is not recommended. Therefore, the study was carried out to observe the possibility of allowing building construction away from the conductor attachment point within ROW. The usage of land can be optimized within ROW, and can be taken into two steps. That is along the span and perpendicular to the span. This study was done for the basic span separately for 132kV and 220kV voltages. Because, people can argue that there can be construction under the line away from the maximum sag point ' since the sag along the span is not unique. Similarly, the argument can be raised about the possibility of construction perpendicular to the span at different distance from the centre line of the Transmission Line. This study covered both these sections. The developed scaled drawings for two voltages are annexed in Annex 3-8 which shows the maximum height of buildings which can be allowed to construct within ROW. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 37 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.6 Methodology of Vegetation Management Within Right-Of- Way(ROW) Trees and shrubs play an important role in our lives, whether we live in the city or country. There are many benefits from properly planted trees and shrubs, including: • They consume carbon dioxide and produce oxygen. • They can help us conserve energy, and money, in both summer and winter. • They provide shelter for birds and small animals. • They help control soil erosion. • They serve as privacy screens and noise barriers. • They add character and value to property. • They add to our aesthetic quality of life. When vegetation is located too closely to transmission lines, they create hazardous conditions. In fact, contact with an energized power line or arcing (flow of electricity through the air) of one will cause property damage. The suggestions for selecting and locating trees and shrubs within ROW are provided by this study. In compliance with the mature height of trees and vegetation, it can be allowed to plant on the Rights-of-way (ROW). According to the National Electrical Safety Code, minimum clearance requirement is not specific for trees. Therefore, trees are decided to keep in the category of other Installations not classified as buildings like TV antennas, Tanks etc. The minimum horizontal clearance to trees when they are falling was concerned for the derivation of mature height of trees within ROW. The developed scaled drawings for two voltages are annexed in Annex 3 -9 which shows the mature height of trees which can be allowed to plant within ROW at different distance from the centre line of the line. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 38 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.7 Electric and Magnetic Fields Health concerns over exposure to EMF (Electric and Magnetic Fields) are often raised when a new transmission line is proposed. Exposure to electric and magnetic fields caused by transmission lines has been studied since the late 1970s. These fields occur whenever electricity is used. The magnetic field is created when electric current flows through any device. There is a concern to childhood leukemia and Chronic Lymphocyte Leukemia mostly for adults due to field exposure from transmission lines. However, the research to date has uncovered only weak and inconsistent associations between exposures and human health. Up to date, research has not been able to establish a cause and effect relationship between exposure to magnetic fields and human diseases. 3.7.1 Allowable Exposure Limits Electric and magnetic field limitation has been defined by International Commission * on Non-lonization of Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). The recommended limits for the frequency of 50Hz is as shown in the following table. Electrical Field kV/m) Magnetic Field (uT) General Public 5 100 Occupational 10 500 Table 3-17: field exposure limits According to the ICNIRP guide lines, the occupational^ exposed population is consists of adults who are generally exposed under known conditions and are trained to be aware of potential risk and to take appropriate precautions. The general public comprises individuals of all ages and of varying health status. The better solution for the field effect is to reduce the field strength by design techniques as discussed above. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 39 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 3.7.2 Reducing EMF Levels of Transmission Lines Magnetic fields can be measured with a gauss meter. The size of the magnetic field cannot be predicted from the line voltage but is related to the current flow. A 33 kV line can have a higher magnetic field than a 132 kV line. Magnetic fields quickly dissipate with distance from the transmission line. In general there are four techniques which may be available to reduce magnetic field strength from electric transmission lines. They are, • Increase distance from conductors • Reduce conductor spacing • Minimize current • optimize phase configuration A common method to reduce EMF is to bring the lines closer together. This causes the fields created by each of the three conductors to interfere with each other and produce a reduced total magnetic field. Magnetic fields generated by double-circuit lines are less than those generated by single-circuit lines because the magnetic fields interact and produce a lower total magnetic field. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 40 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Chapter - 4 Conclusion 4.1 Right-of-Way (ROW) Width The minimum horizontal clearance to buildings and other structures can be taken from table 3-11 to table 3-14, according to the object category and the operating voltage. However, according to the tables, it is obvious that the clearances to any object except swimming pools and rail tracks are same for the same operating voltage. Therefore, the Right-of-Way (ROW) width is defined without considering swimming pools and rail tracks but wherever they are available it is necessary to widen the ROW keeping the additional clearance for those objects. Typical ROW for 132kV and 220kV voltages can be defined as a range of 30-40m and 40-50m respectively. The typical ROW which are specified in some reference documents are shown in Annex 3-10. 4.2 Building Construction within ROW According to the phenomenon of clearances, there is a possibility of building construction within ROW with limited height compiling the required vertical and electrical clearances. According to the drawings discussed above, typical values for maximum building height can be specified. However, it is required to get the verification that the recommended field exposure limits are complied with the locations. However, the manual calculation of field is difficult. But, measuring can be practiced to get verification of field under the Transmission line. However, the most suitable solution for effects from the field is to reduce field with design techniques as discussed above. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 41 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 4.3 Vegetation Management within ROW The allowable mature height of trees is varying from different locations within ROW. According to the drawings discussed above, typical values for mature height of trees can be specified. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 42 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Reference [1] Technical Specification for Transmission Lines, Ceylon Electricity Board. [2] C2-2007, National Electrical Safety Code, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Copyright © 2006. [3] Design Manual for High Voltage Transmission Lines, Electric Staff Division, Rural Utilities Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture. [4] Typical Transmission Line Design as Result of the Guidance through the Design of Transmission Lines, [Report of Ceylon Electricity Board], Nikola Vucinic, 1997. [5] C. Baylis, B. Hardy, Transmission and Distribution Electrical Engineering. [6] Overhead Conductor Manual, 1 s t ed., Southwire Company. [7] IEC 60826, International Electrotechnical Commission Standard, 2 n d ed., 1991. [8] Transmission Line EMF Guide Lines, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, May 1994. [9] Guidelines For Limiting Exposure To Time-Varying Electric, Magnetic, And Electromagnetic Fields (Up To 300 GHz), health physics, volume 74, number 4, April 1998. [10] Electric and Magnetic Fields from Overhead Power Lines, Empetus Close Corporation, Final Report, August 2006. [11] NIEHS Report on Health Effects from Exposure to Power-Line Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institute of Health, May 1999. Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 43 K.K.Shvamali 07/8415 Msc. In Electrical Engineering Page 44 [12] Guide Lines on Limits of Exposure to Static Magnetic Fields, International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, Health Physics Society, Copyright© 1994. Properties of the conductor Diameter of conductor D 28.62 m m Total cross sectional area A 484.4 m m 2 Modulus of elasticity E 69000 N / m m 2 Linear coefficient of expansion A 1.95E-05 per °C Ultimate breaking strength UBS 130320 N Weight of the conductor per meter W 1.632 kg/m Data for Catenary Curve (Template) Plotting for 132kV ZEBRA Conductor Equivalent Span 200 300 400 500 Sag (D) 3.895 7:93 13.417 20.4 y=D*x 2 /a 2 Coordinates of catenary curve at 75°C and No wind condition Equivalenl t Span 200 m 300 m 400 500 m X x/2 Y y y y 0 0 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 25 12.5 0.0608594 0.0550694 0.0524102 0.0510000 50 25 0.2434375 0.2202778 0.2096406 0.2040000 75 37.5 0.5477344 0.4956250 0.4716914 0.4590000 100 50 0.9737500 0.8811111 0.8385625 0.8160000 125 62.5 1.5214844 1.3767361 1.3102539 1.2750000 150 75 2.1909375 1.9825000 1.8867656 1.8360000 175 87.5 2.9821094 2.6984028 2.5680977 2.4990000 200 100 3.8950000 3.5244444 3.3542500 3.2640000 225 112.5 4.9296094 4.4606250 4.2452227 4.1310000 250 125 6.0859375 5.5069444 5.2410156 5.1000000 275 137.5 7.3639844 6.6634028 6.3416289 6.1710000 300 150 8.7637500 7.9300000 7.5470625 7.3440000 325 162.5 10.2852344 9.3067361 8.8573164 8.6190000 350 175 11.9284375 10.7936111 10.2723906 9.9960000 375 187.5 13.6933594 12.3906250 11.7922852 11.4750000 400 200 15.5800000 14.0977778 13.4170000 13.0560000 425 212.5 17.5883594 15.9150694 15.1465352 14.7390000 450 225 19.7184375 17.8425000 16.9808906 16.5240000 475 237.5 21.9702344 19.8800694 18.9200664 18.4110000 500 250 24.3437500 22.0277778 20.9640625 20.4000000 525 262.5 26.8389844 24.2856250 23.1128789 22.4910000 550 275 29.4559375 26.6536111 25.3665156 24.6840000 575 287.5 32.1946094 29.1317361 27.7249727 26.9790000 600 300 35.0550000 31.7200000 30.1882500 29.3760000 625 312.5 38.0371094 34.4184028 32.7563477 31.8750000 650 325 41.1409375 37.2269444 35.4292656 34.4760000 675 337.5 44.3664844 40.1456250 38.2070039 37.1790000 700 350 47.7137500 43.1744444 41.0895625 39.9840000 725 362.5 51.1827344 46.3134028 44.0769414 42.8910000 750 375 54.7734375 49.5625000 47.1691406 45.9000000 775 387.5 58.4858594 52.9217361 50.3661602 49.0110000 800 400 62.3200000 56.3911111 53.6680000 52.2240000 825 412.5 66.2758594 59.9706250 57.0746602 55.5390000 850 425 70.3534375 63.6602778 60.5861406 58.9560000 875 437.5 74.5527344 67.4600694 64.2024414 62.4750000 900 450 78.8737500 71.3700000 67.9235625 66.0960000 925 462.5 83.3164844 75.3900694 71.7495039 69.8190000 950 475 87.8809375 79.5202778 75.6802656 73.6440000 975 487.5 92.5671094 83.7606250 79.7158477 77.5710000 1000 500 97.3750000 88.1111111 83.8562500 81.6000000 Properties of the conductor x£iA |N*V Diameter of conductor D 28.62 m m Total cross sectional area A 484.4 m m 2 Modulus of elasticity E 69000 N / m m 2 Linear coefficient of expansion A 1.95E-05 p e r ° C Ultimate breaking strength UBS 130320 N Weight of the conductor per meter W 1.632 kg/m Data for Catenary Curve (Template) Plotting Equivalent Span 200 300 400 500 Sag (D) 3.402 7.161 12.837 19.803 y=D*x 2 /a 2 Coordinates of catenary curve at 15°C and Maximum wind condition Equivalent Span 200 m 300 m 400 500 m X x/2 Y y y y 0 0 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 25 12.5 0.0531563 0.0497292 0.0501445 0.0495075 50 25 0.2126250 0.1989167 0.2005781 0.1980300 75 37.5 0.4784063 0.4475625 0.4513008 0.4455675 100 50 0.8505000 0.7956667 0.8023125 0.7921200 125 62.5 1.3289063 1.2432292 1.2536133 1.2376875 150 75 1.9136250 1.7902500 1.8052031 1.7822700 175 87.5 2.6046563 2.4367292 2.4570820 2.4258675 200 100 3.4020000 3.1826667 3.2092500 3.1684800 225 112.5 4.3056563 4.0280625 4.0617070 4.0101075 250 125 5.3156250 4.9729167 5.0144531 4.9507500 275 137.5 6.4319063 6.0172292 6.0674883 5.9904075 300 150 7.6545000 7.1610000 7.2208125 7.1290800 325 162.5 8.9834063 8.4042292 8.4744258 8.3667675 350 175 10.4186250 9.7469167 9.8283281 9.7034700 375 187.5 11.9601563 11.1890625 11.2825195 11.1391875 400 200 13.6080000 12.7306667 12.8370000 12.6739200 425 212.5 15.3621563 14.3717292 14.4917695 14.3076675 450 225 17.2226250 16.1122500 16.2468281 16.0404300 475 237.5 19.1894063 17.9522292 18.1021758 17.8722075 500 250 21.2625000 19.8916667 20.0578125 19.8030000 525 262.5 23.4419063 21.9305625 22.1137383 21.8328075 550 275 25.7276250 24.0689167 24.2699531 23.9616300 575 287.5 28.1196563 26.3067292 26.5264570 26.1894675 600 300 30.6180000 28.6440000 28.8832500 28.5163200 625 312.5 33.2226563 31.0807292 31.3403320 30.9421875 650 325 35.9336250 33.6169167 33.8977031 33.4670700 675 337.5 38.7509063 36.2525625 36.5553633 36.0909675 700 350 41.6745000 38.9876667 39.3133125 38.8138800 725 362.5 44.7044063 41.8222292 42.1715508 41.6358075 750 375 47.8406250 44.7562500 45.1300781 44.5567500 775 387.5 51.0831563 47.7897292 48.1888945 47.5767075 800 400 54.4320000 50.9226667 51.3480000 50.6956800 825 412.5 57.8871563 54.1550625 54.6073945 53.9136675 850 425 61.4486250 57.4869167 57.9670781 57.2306700 875 437.5 65.1164063 60.9182292 61.4270508 60.6466875 900 450 68.8905000 64.4490000 64.9873125 64.1617200 925 462.5 72.7709063 68.0792292 68.6478633 67.7757675 950 475 76.7576250 71.8089167 72.4087031 71.4888300 975 487.5 80.8506563 75.6380625 76.2698320 75.3009075 1000 500 85.0500000 79.5666667 80.2312500 79.2120000 Annex 3-3 Properties of the conductor Diameter of conductor D 28.62 m m Total cross sectional area A 484.48 m m 2 Modulus of elasticity E 75001 N / m m 2 Linear coefficient of expansion A 2.06E-05 p e r ° C Ultimate breaking strength UBS 137546 N Weight of the conductor per meter W 1.564 kg/m Data for Catenary Curve (Template) Plotting for 220kV ZEBRA Conductor Equivalent Span 150 250 350 - • - • 450 Sag (D) 2.41 5.61 10.11 15.97 y=D*x 2 /a 2 Coordinates of catenary curve at 75°C and No wind condition Equivalent Span 150 m 250 m 350 m 450 m X x/2 Y y y y 0 0 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 25 12.5 0.0669444 0.0561000 0.0515816 0.0492901 50 25 0.2677778 0.2244000 0.2063265 0.1971605 75 37.5 0.6025000 0.5049000 0.4642347 0.4436111 100 50 1.0711111 0.8976000 0.8253061 0.7886420 125 62.5 1.6736111 1.4025000 1.2895408 1.2322531 150 75 2.4100000 2.0196000 1.8569388 1.7744444 175 87.5 3.2802778 2.7489000 2.5275000 2.4152160 200 100 4.2844444 3.5904000 3.3012245 3.1545679 225 112.5 5.4225000 4.5441000 4.1781122 3.9925000 250 125 6.6944444 5.6100000 5.1581633 4.9290123 275 137.5 8.1002778 6.7881000 6.2413776 5.9641049 300 150 9.6400000 8.0784000 7.4277551 7.0977778 325 162.5 11.3136111 9.4809000 8.7172959 8.3300309 350 175 13.1211111 10.9956000 10.1100000 9.6608642 375 187.5 15.0625000 12.6225000 11.6058673 11.0902778 400 200 17.1377778 14.3616000 13.2048980 12.6182716 425 212.5 19.3469444 16.2129000 14.9070918 14.2448457 450 225 21.6900000 18.1764000 16.7124490 15.9700000 475 237.5 24.1669444 20.2521000 18.6209694 17.7937346 500 250 26.7777778 22.4400000 20.6326531 19.7160494 525 262.5 29.5225000 24.7401000 22.7475000 21.7369444 550 275 32.4011111 27.1524000 24.9655102 23.8564198 575 287.5 35.4136111 29.6769000 27.2866837 26.0744753 600 300 38.5600000 32.3136000 29.7110204 28.3911111 625 312.5 41.8402778 35.0625000 32.2385204 30.8063272 650 325 45.2544444 37.9236000 34.8691837 33.3201235 675 337.5 48.8025000 40.8969000 37.6030102 35.9325000 700 350 52.4844444 43.9824000 40.4400000 38.6434568 725 362.5 56.3002778 47.1801000 43.3801531 41.4529938 750 375 60.2500000 50.4900000 46.4234694 44.3611111 775 387.5 64.3336111 53.9121000 49.5699490 47.3678086 800 400 68.5511111 57.4464000 52.8195918 50.4730864 825 412.5 72.9025000 61.0929000 56.1723980 53.6769444 850 425 77.3877778 64.8516000 59.6283673 56.9793827 875 437.5 82.0069444 68.7225000 63.1875000 60.3804012 900 450 86.7600000 72.7056000 66.8497959 63.8800000 925 462.5 91.6469444 76.8009000 70.6152551 67.4781790 950 475 96.6677778 81.0084000 74.4838776 71.1749383 975 487.5 101.8225000 85.3281000 78.4556633 74.9702778 1000 500 107.1111111 89.7600000 82.5306122 78.8641975 Annex 3-4 Properties of the conductor Diameter of conductor D 28.62 m m Total cross sectional area A 484.48 m m 2 Modulus of elasticity E 75001 N / m m 2 Linear coefficient of expansion A 2.06E-05 per °C Ultimate breaking strength UBS 137546 N Weight of the conductor per meter W 1.564 kg/m Data for Catenary Curve (Template) Plotting for 220kV ZEBRA Conductor Equivalent Span 150 250 350 450 Sag (D) 1.75 4.73 9.12 14.93 y=D*x 2 /a 2 Coordinates of catenary curve at 15°C and Maximum wind condition Equivalent Span 150 m 250 m 350 450m X x/2 Y y y y 0 0 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 0.0000000 25 12.5 0.0486111 0.0473000 0.0465306 0.0460802 50 25 0.1944444 0.1892000 0.1861224 0.1843210 75 37.5 0.4375000 0.4257000 0.4187755 0.4147222 100 50 0.7777778 0.7568000 0.7444898 0.7372840 125 62.5 1.2152778 1.1825000 1.1632653 1.1520062 150 75 1.7500000 1.7028000 1.6751020 1.6588889 175 87.5 2.3819444 2.3177000 2.2800000 2.2579321 200 100 3.1111111 3.0272000 2.9779592 2.9491358 225 112.5 3.9375000 3.8313000 3.7689796 3.7325000 250 125 4.8611111 4.7300000 4.6530612 4.6080247 275 137.5 5.8819444 5.7233000 5.6302041 5.5757099 300 150 7.0000000 6.8112000 6.7004082 6.6355556 325 162.5 8.2152778 7.9937000 7.8636735 7.7875617 350 175 9.5277778 9.2708000 9.1200000 9.0317284 375 187.5 10.9375000 10.6425000 10.4693878 10.3680556 400 200 12.4444444 12.1088000 11.9118367 11.7965432 ; 425 212.5 14.0486111 13.6697000 13.4473469 13.3171914 450 225 15.7500000 15.3252000 15.0759184 14.9300000 475 237.5 17.5486111 17.0753000 16.7975510 16.6349691 500 250 19.4444444 18.9200000 18.6122449 18.4320988 525 262.5 21.4375000 20.8593000 20.5200000 20.3213889 550 275 23.5277778 22.8932000 22.5208163 22.3028395 575 287.5 25.7152778 25.0217000 24.6146939 24.3764506 600 300 28.0000000 27.2448000 26.8016327 26.5422222 625 312.5 30.3819444 29.5625000 29.0816327 28.8001543 650 325 32.8611111 31.9748000 31.4546939 31.1502469 675 337.5 35.4375000 34.4817000 33.9208163 33.5925000 700 350 38.1111111 37.0832000 36.4800000 36.1269136 725 362.5 40.8819444 39.7793000 39.1322449 38.7534877 750 375 43.7500000 42.5700000 41.8775510 41.4722222 775 387.5 46.7152778 45.4553000 44.7159184 44.2831173 800 400 49.7777778 48.4352000 47.6473469 47.1861728 825 412.5 52.9375000 51.5097000 50.6718367 50.1813889 850 425 56.1944444 54.6788000 53.7893878 53.2687654 875 437.5 59.5486111 57.9425000 57.0000000 56.4483025 900 450 63.0000000 61.3008000 60.3036735 59.7200000 925 462.5 66.5486111 64.7537000 63.7004082 63.0838580 950 475 70.1944444 68.3012000 67.1902041 66.5398765 975 487.5 73.9375000 71.9433000 70.7730612 70.0880556 1000 500 77.7777778 75.6800000 74.4489796 73.7283951 Annex 3-5 Kalpitiya/Puttalam (KALPITYA) Stats based on observations taken between 11/2007 - 10/2009 daily from 7am to 7pm local time. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec SUM Month of year 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 1-12 i Wind probability > = 4 Beaufort (%) 1 0 0 3 6 14 12 5 12 1 4 0 4 Average Wind Speed (m/s) 2 2 2 2 3 4 4 3 4 2 2 2 3 : Select Month (Help) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul iAug Sep Oct Nov I Dec Year Negombo/Katunayake (NEGOMBO) Stats based on observations taken between 11/2007 - 10/2009 daily from 7am to 7pm local time. Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec SUM Month of year 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 1-12 | Wind probability > = 4 Beaufort (%) 30 8 7 9 41 24 24 29 22 8 18 27 20 Average Wind Speed (m/s) 5 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 5 4 4 5 4 Select Month (Help) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year I Hambantota (HMBNTOTA) Stats based on observations taken between 11/2007 - 10/2009 daily from 7am 7pm local time. Month of year Aug Sep Oct Nov \ Dec SUM 08 09 10 11 12 1-12 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 Wind probability > = 4 Beaufort (%) 34 25 21 47 71 51 54 44 67 26 36 30 42 Average Wind Speed 5 5 4 6 8 6 6 6 7 5 5 5 5 (m/s) Select Month (Help) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year I Arugam Bay/Pottuvil (POTTUVIL) Stats based on observations taken between 11/2007 - 10/2009 daily from 7am to 7pm local time. Month of year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec SUM 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 1-12 Wind probability) > = 4 Beaufort (%) 0 0 0 2 0 2 0 0 0 0 50 0 4 Average Wind Speed (m/s) 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 24 2 4 Select Month (Help) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year I flDTH FOE SINGLE 132KV(ZEBRA) LINE 132kV TOWER Annex 3-6.1 Note:basic span is 300m The average ROW width range is 30m-40m Conductor position at Maximum o Wind Pressure 4824 4824 -Max. ROW- All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:125 Master of Science Dissertation Drawn By: K.K.Shyamali Date: February 2010 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES 5 s 5 Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wljayapala R I G H T - O F - W A Y ( R O W ) WIDTH FOR S I N G L E 2 2 0 K V ( Z E B R A ) LINE Annex 3-6 .2 220kV TOWER Drawn By: Date: K.K. Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:150 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala RISHT-QF-WAY CROW) WIDTH FOR T t f o I 32KV (ZEBRA) LIMES Annex 3 - 7 . 1 132kV TOWER 132kV TOWER 300 -4409- 600 8184 I 4180 I O r / i o / Conductor a t tachment point mid-span Conductor position at max operating temperature & no Wind Pressure Conductor position at Maximum Wind Pressure Note: The average minimum separation between two conductor a t tachment points is 11m 8184 300 14001 600/ 10484 - R O W - 4824 -Max. ROW- Drawn By: Date: K.KShyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:150 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala R M H T - Q F - W A Y ( R O W ) W I D T H F O R 1 S 2 K V ( Z E B R A ) & 22QKV ( Z E B R A ) L I N E S 220kV TOWER Annex 3-7 .2 £900 -5213- ,o 61,08* -40608- 61,08* ~ -40608- 132kV TOWER I 4180 |——3000——ip -13608- V A Gi STANDARD ti£ IfiHT TflWFR -e c 3 7 2 2 - STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER -6184- -40484- Ift GL -RDW- -Max. ROW- 2300 4824 Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:175 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-7.3 E I G H T - O F - W A V C E O W ) W I D T H F O E i S S K V C Z E B E A ) & S S K V L I N E S 132kV TOWER Note: the average minimum horizontal distance between 132kV conductor attachment point and the 33kV conductor is 11m Conductor attachment point 8184 Conductor position at max operating temperature & no Wind Pressure 4824 10484 33kV TOWER 300 8184 - 1 5 0 0 - W 600/ Horizontal Clerance to J 0 b j e C t S 10584 16164 STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:125 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-7.4 R I G H T - Q F - W A Y C R Q W ) W I D T H F O R Tifo 2 2 0 K V ( Z E B R A ) L I N E S 220kV TOWER 220kV TOWER o 61.08* 2900 61.08* 5820 V I / , 61.08* o. -10608- -3000 -« - i 2900 -10608- -13608 - - 1 3 5 0 8 - Conductor position at max operating temperature & no Wind Pressure - 5 2 1 3 - Conductor position at max operating temperature & no Wind Pressure STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER - 2 5 2 4 3 - STANDARp HEIGHT TOWER - 5 2 1 3 - -ROW- -Wax. ROW- Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:200 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS AND FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-7.5 M A T U R E HEIGHT O F T R E E WITHIN R I 6 H T - G F W A Y ( R O W ) WIDTH F O R 2 2 0 K V ( Z E B R A ) & 3 3 K V LINES 220kV TOWER 2900 40608- -13508- 33kV TOWER 10608- 13508- mid-span Conductor position at max operating temperature & no Wind Pressure \ A GL 1 STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER 20610 Drawn By: K.K.Shyamali Date: February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:150 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUIDINS AT MID-SPAN WITHIN RffiHT-OF- 132kV TOWER OF 1S2KVCZEB Annex 3.8.1 LLLLll .LLL I b d - No Building constructions allowed at mid-span position - Maximum height of construction allowed at mid-span within minimum ROW - Maximum height of construction allowed at mid-span within flexible range of ROW - Horizontal Cearance - Vertical Cearance - Transitional (Vertical) Cearance Assumption: two towers are located at the same ground level 4824 4824 Max. ROW All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:125 Master of Science Dissertation Drawn By: K.K.Shyamali Date: February 2010 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-8.2 MAXIMUM HEIGHT OF BUIMNG ALONG THE SPAN WITHIN RIGHT-OF-WAY (ROW) OF 182KY (ZEBRA) LINE 132kV TOWER LLLI l L L L I p d - Maximum height of construction allowed at mid-span within minimum ROW - Increased height of safe region for construction of buildings for spans higher than 50m & locations at distance from one tower is less than 125m - No Building constructions allowed at mid-span position - Inceased Height of safe region for spans higher than 50m 8 i locations at distance from one tower is less than 125m (But Construct ions not a l l o w e d d u e t o t h e r isk of conductor fa l l ing on Buildings ) - Horizontal Cearance - Vertical Cearance - Transitional (Vertical) Cearance 1 4180 I Assumption: two towers are located at the same ground level No negative tower body extensions used Conductor attachment point Conductor position at max operating temperature 8 i no Wind Pressure at 250m span I L L _ L L L _ L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L I L J——. J.., L J L L—, ™~—j l l l l l l l l l U mid-span Conductor position at max operating temperature & no Wind Pressure at mid-span STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L L X L L L L L L L L U L§_LLLL_L_LLL I I L L L L L L L L L L l H l u l l l l l l l l i 10484 Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:125 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS AND FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala M A X I M U M H E I G H T O F BUIDING A T M I D - S P A N WITHIN R I G H T - O F - W A Y ( R O W ) WIDTH O F 2 2 0 K V ( Z E B R A ) LINE 220kV TOWER Annex 3-8.3 ccq L L L I P P - No Building constructions allowed at mid-span - Maximum height of construction allowed at mid-span within minimum ROW - Maximum height of construction allowed at mid-span within flexible range of ROW - Horizontal Cearance - Vertical Cearance - Transitional (Vertical) Cearance two towers are located at the same ground level -5213- ATA»ATAT»»ATATA»ATAYA»ATATATATATATA' m n W A T A W A T A W i l W A T A l ATATATAVATA''ATA»A»AYA"'A'rATA»ATATAl TATATATATATATATATAWATATATATATATAT, TATATATA'ATATATATATAVATATATATATATI A»A»ATA»ATATATA»A'ATA'ATATA»ATATA»A' STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER 49529- -RDW- -5213- - N a x . RDW- Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:150 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala M A X I M U M HEN3HT O F BUID1NQ A L O N Q T H E S P A N WITHIN R I Q H T - O F - W a Y ( R O W ) WIDTH O F 2 2 0 K V ( Z E B R A ) LINE 220kV TOWER Annex 3-8.4 LLLLI1 L L L 1 P Q - Maximum height of construction allowed at mid-span within minimum ROW - Increased height of safe region for construction of buildings for spans higher than 50m & locations at distance from one tower is less than 150m - No Building constructions allowed at mid-span position - Inceased Height of safe region for spans higher than 50m & locations at distance from one tower is less than 150m ( B u t C o n s t r u c t i o n s n o t a l l o w e d d u e t o t h e r i s k o f c o n d u c t o r f a l l i n g o n B u i l d i n g s ) - Horizontal Cearance Vertical Cearance Transitional (Vertical) Cearance _61.0 A s s u m p t i o n : two towers are located at the same ground level No negative tower body extensions used All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:150 Master of Science Dissertation Drawn By: K.K.Shyamali Date: February 2010 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES | p Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3 -9 ,1 ATURE HEIGHT OF TREE WtTHIN RI6HT-0F-WAV(R0W) OF Ttfb 1 3 2 K ¥ (ZEBRA) LINES 132kV TOWER 132kV TOWER Note: 1 4180 I \ I 4180 I a t tachment points is 11m 8184 -8184- 300 600 1500 10584 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ( 7 V V V V V V V V V VGP V V V V V V V V V V T O V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V F V V V V V V V V V V T &iia.;rc.ii¥iiiSiBiia,.s a,a v V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V_7_V Y V V V V V_Y W W W W W ^ V V MATURE HEIGHT- < V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V " 7 V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ & J u f f f7 W V TW <7 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V 7 V V V V V V V V V V V V v V V V v " V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Y V V V V V V V Y STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER 18944 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V Y | V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V " 7 V V V V V V V V V V ^ V V V V V V V V V V V V V > 5 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V " 5 I V V V V V V V V V V v v v v v v v v v t ; V V V V V V V V V 1 ; V V V V V V V V V V V V"? V V V V V V V V V V VLV V V V V V V V V V V V V V 15 V V P V V V V V V V V V V V K ? V V V V V V V V V V <5 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V H? V V V V V V V V V V S V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V v v v f V V V V V ' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V if V V V V V V V V V V VSR V •a V V V V V ^ V V V V V V V V V V V V V Y V ^ v v v v v v v v i V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V VP7 v v v v v v v v 4824 o o o ROW- Max. ROW- All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:150 Master of Science Dissertation Drawn By: K.K.Shyamali Date: February 2010 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-9.2 M A T U R E H E I G H T O F T R E E W I T H I N R M H T - O F W A Y 220kV TOWER W I D T H O F 1 3 2 K V ( Z E B R A ) & 2 2 0 K V ( Z E B R A ) L I N E S o 61.08* 15600 10400 -5213- 40609- •g- xr v v v xt I V v v v • ••7 V V V V MATURE HEIGHT OF THE TREE * ^ ^ •! V V V V V V V V- v" V' \ ' ' ' v v v v •/ v v v- v' v' v y v, V v v ' " ' V V V V v' V V V V V V V "V STANDARD* HEIGHT TOWER 132kV TOWER 61.08' -10608- J——3000—-~rf -13608- -3800- STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER - ^ 3 7 3 2 - -8184 v v V V H7 V V v v \'s? v v* 1ft "S^r -RDW- 4824 -Max. ROW- Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:175 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala • Annex 3-9.3 IATURE HEIGHT OF TREE WITHIN RIQHT-OF-WAY(EOW) OF 1 82KV(ZEBRA) 4 33KV LINES 132kV TOWER Note: the avarage minimum horizontal distance between 132kV conductor attachment point and the 33kV conductor is 11m 33kV TOWER V V V V ' V V V V V V V V V V" ' V V V V V V V V V V V V V ' V V V V V V V V v v v v v v v v v ' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ ' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V f V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ V ' V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V J\F V ? V V V V V V V V V V V V V V vg^f V f V V V V V V V V v v v v v v v v v v F V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V > V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ? V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ V f V V V V V V V V Av_v_. v . _ S Z _ S L - S 7 _ V . _ v J Z _ V 4824 8184 10584 5292 |V V V V" V V V V lv V V V V V V V V V V V V I V V V V V V V V V ^ V V V V V V V V V ( V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V " I V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ V V V V V V V V V V V V V V I V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ v v ^ s V v v v v v v V Q V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V t V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V y V V V V V V V V V V T F V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v V V v , v v \ v V V V V, V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V g V V V V V . V V V V v ' d v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v o v v v y v v v v v " 7 V V V V V V V V V V V V V V J V V V V V V V V V V V V V V " ) V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ .V V < V V I V V V V V V V V V V V V V V V 58 V V V V V 'V v V V V v ^ v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v l v V V V V V V V V I V _ V _ . I Z - . V _ 57__V_JC7_ 5 7 _ V - V _ V . . _ V . _ V _ . . V „ V . . . . * J V _ 5 Z . - V . . . S 7 _ < 7 . . J 7 . 10484 K7_V v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v v "v7 V 7 . . . . V _ . . . T Z i 5 7 . J ! Z . _ V _ V _ V . STANDARD HEIGHT TOWER V V V V V V V V V V V V V ^ V V V V V V V V V V V V V V ! V V V V V V V V V V V V V ' I 16164 HEIGHT TOWER Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:125 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-9.4 M A T U R E H E I G H T O F T R E E W I T H I N R N 5 H T - Q F - W A Y C R G W ) O F 22GKV ( Z E B R A ) L I N E S 220kV TOWER 220kV TOWER 15600 Drawn By: Date: K.K.Shyamali February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:200 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-9.5 15^00 M A T U R E HEIGHT O F T R E E WITHIN R I 6 H T - O F W A Y ( R O W ) WIDTH O F 2 2 0 K V ( Z E B R A ) & 3 3 K V LINES 220kV TOWER 33kV TOWER 13508- mid-span Conductor position at max operating temperature & no Wind Pressure 0610- STANDARd HEIGHT TOWER Drawn By: K.K.Shyamali Date: February 2010 All dimensions in millimeters Scale: 1:150 CLEARANCE TO BUILDINGS FROM OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINES IS. Master of Science Dissertation Department of Electrical Engineering University of Moratuwa Supervised By: Prof. J. R. Lucas Eng. W.D.A.S. Wijayapala Annex 3-10 Typical Right-Of-Way (ROW) width defined in "Design Manual for High Voltage Transmission Lines" is shown in following table. The width of a right-of-way depends on the voltage of the line and the height of the structures. Please note that this is based on H-Frame Towers. Therefore, the length of cross arm can be different than the Lattice-style transmission structures which are used in CEB. I \ | J | ] O I V P i C A I . R K i H T O F - W A ^ WIDTHS ROW Width, fs. Nominal Lne tc Line Voltage in kV 69 115 138 161 230 75 100 100 100 150 '00 '50 125 2C0 Typical H-frame Structure Typical Lattice-style transmission structures The following figure show that another H-frame tower which the specified ROW is 125-200ft. „ , . . RECOMMENDED FOR APPROVAL" P O W E R S E C T O R D E V E L O P M E N T T R A N S M I S S I O N P R O J E C T - L O T B 1 w i t h COMMENTS M A T H U G A M A - A M B A L A N G O D A 1 3 2 K V T R A N S M I S S I O N L I N E T . - W M I S S I O N D E S I G N BRANCH L I S T O F T O W E R S ; C * V I O N ELECTRICITY B O A R D ^ , D R A W I N G N O . L 0 6 9 - M A - R T E - 1 0 1 Date 9 . 7 M f e . Sign. T O W E R F O R M A T S B A C K A N G L E L E N G T H E Q U I V A L E N T T E N S I O N O F C O N D U C T O R W I N D WEIGHT W E I G H T WEIGHT T O W E R S E C T I O N T O W E R B O D Y L E V E L S P A N O F O F S P A N ( B A C K S P A N ) - ACTUAL S P A N S P A N IL 7"C S P A N » 3 2 ' C S P A N J I ? 5 " C N O N O T Y P E K X T N D E V I A T I O N ' S E C T I O N A T 7 ° C + W A T 7 ° C A T 3 2 " C A T 7 5 ° C T O T A L TOTAL T O T A L M M M D E B . M M DAN DAN DAN DAN M M IN ra 1 TOT ' 0 .. 1 6 . 9 1 5 0 5 5 . 0 0 3 8 0 3 . 7 8 2 8 9 3 . 0 3 1 9 8 9 . 7 4 6 9 . 2 5 ' " . 1 3 9 . 6 1 " 1 2 2 . 7 6 1 0 6 . 0 5 . 2 1 T D 3 s 6 s 6 8 1 1 3 8 . 4 9 "" 2 2 ° 3 0 ' 5 4 " R T 1 3 8 . 4 9 1 3 8 . 4 9 ' " 5 0 5 5 . 0 0 3 8 0 3 . 7 8 2 8 9 3 . 0 3 1 9 8 9 . 7 4 2 1 9 . 7 6 ' 1 6 0 . 3 0 - 1 7 5 . 4 9 1 9 0 J 5 3 2 T D 6 6 / 5 . 2 4 3 0 1 . 0 3 -r 4 4 ° 3 4 ' 0 4 " L T 3 0 1 . 0 3 3 0 1 . 0 3 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 2 8 4 . 4 4 ' I 3 2 4 . 7 3 -•" 3 1 4 . 1 3 3 0 3 . 8 2 4 3 T D 6 Y O y 5 . 4 7 2 6 7 . 8 4 ' 4 3 , 4 3 ' 1 7 " L T J 2 6 7 . 8 4 2 6 7 . 8 4 5 0 5 5 . 0 0 3 8 0 3 . 7 8 2 8 9 3 . 0 3 1 9 8 9 . 7 4 2 7 3 . 5 3 ' 2 0 4 . 9 5 " 2 1 9 . 8 5 2 3 4 . 9 5 - 5 4 T D L ' 3 4 . 7 9 2 7 9 . 2 1 •'' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 0 4 . 7 3 - 3 2 5 . 5 2 3 2 2 . 3 5 3 1 8 . 8 4 6 4 T D I . 3 4 . 2 5 3 3 0 . 2 4 5 2 1 2 . 8 ( 1 3 3 1 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 2 6 . 8 6 3 2 8 . 4 8 -" 3 2 8 . 2 4 3 2 7 . 9 6 7 4 T D L 3 ' 3 . 4 7 3 2 3 . 4 8 *' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 2 5 . 3 8 3 2 2 . 7 6 . X 3 2 3 . 1 6 3 2 3 . 6 0 8 4 T D L ' 3 ' 3 . 0 9 3 2 7 . 2 7 ' 0 • • 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 3 7 . 2 0 ' 3 3 8 . 6 3 ' " 3 3 8 . 4 1 3 3 8 . 1 7 9 5 T D L - 3 - ' 2 . 4 5 3 4 7 . 1 3 ' ' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 9 . 7 1 3 0 8 . 3 4 ' " 3 1 6 . 1 6 3 2 4 . 8 5 1 0 5 T D L S 1 2 , 1.91 3 7 2 . 2 9 ' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 2 4 . 0 0 ' 3 9 5 . 9 3 3 8 4 : 9 9 3 7 2 . 8 2 11 5 T D L 9 ' 1 . 6 9 2 7 5 . 7 1 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 1 5 . 9 8 " 3 4 6 . 8 5 s 3 4 2 . 1 5 3 3 6 . 9 3 1 2 . 5 T D I *" 0 '" 1 . 2 7 3 5 6 . 2 5 ' U ° 3 9 ' 4 6 " L T 2 6 1 1 . 5 8 - ' 3 3 1 . 0 9 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 2 9 9 , 1 7 ' ' 2 3 6 . 6 3 " / 2 4 6 . 1 4 2 5 6 . 7 2 1 3 6 T D L 0 ^ 2 . 1 1 2 4 2 . 0 8 ' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 2 8 1 . 8 1 - 216.51 s 2 7 7 . 3 7 2 7 8 . 2 6 1 4 6 1131 . , 3 ' 1 . 0 3 3 2 1 . 5 3 " " 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 : 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 0 9 . 7 0 3 2 3 . 3 0 ' 3 2 1 . 2 3 3 1 8 . 9 3 I S 6 T D L ' J * 0 . 8 7 2 9 7 . 8 6 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 1 3 . 8 4 ' 2 7 5 . 0 6 ' 2 8 0 . 9 6 2 8 7 . 5 2 1 6 6 T D I 9 0 . 8 1 3 2 9 . 8 2 • 0 " 1 1 9 1 . 2 9 3 0 3 . 5 0 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 7 2 . 0 0 ' 425 .2 (1 ' 4 1 7 . 1 1 4 0 8 . 1 1 1 7 7 T D L 6 0 . 7 3 4 1 4 . 1 8 <" 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 9 . 1 9 ' 3 8 4 . 9 5 - 3 8 1 . 0 3 3 7 6 . 6 7 1 8 7 T D L ' 0 '"' 0 . 7 2 3 0 4 . 2 ' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 1 4 . 2 4 ' 1 9 0 . 3 4 2 0 9 . 1 8 2 3 0 . 1 5 1 9 7 T D 3 3 1 0 . 5 3 3 2 4 . 2 8 ' 3 0 * 0 4 ' 4 7 " R T 1042.66" 3 5 7 . 5 6 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 4 5 . 2 7 ' 4 6 7 . 4 2 --" 4 4 8 . 8 5 4 2 8 . 1 8 2 0 8 T D L 6 0 . 6 3 6 6 . 2 6 " ' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 9 . 6 1 "" 3 0 0 . 7 9 ' 3 0 9 . 7 4 3 1 9 . 6 9 2 1 8 T D L • 9 7 0 . 8 5 3 5 2 . 9 5 *" 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 3 . 2 7 ^ 3 8 9 . 6 6 3 8 4 . 1 3 3 7 7 . 9 7 2 2 8 T D L - 6 ~ " 0 . 9 5 3 5 3 . 5 8 ' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 9 . 3 7 * 3 4 3 . 3 1 ' 3 4 5 . 7 5 3 4 8 . 4 7 2 3 8 T D L ' 6 0 . 7 6 3 6 5 . 1 6 • 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 5 . 0 8 " 3 3 6 . 3 6 - ' 3 3 9 . 2 0 3 4 2 J 7 2 4 8 T D L . 9 ' 0 . 6 7 3 4 5 /- 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 4 . 0 3 ' 4 0 6 J 1 ' 3 9 8 . 2 8 3 8 9 . 4 5 2 5 8 T D L , 3 ' 0 . 6 7 3 6 3 . 0 5 ' ' 5 2 1 2 . 8 0 3 3 4 6 . 1 6 2 8 3 7 . 3 4 2 2 7 1 . 1 2 3 5 5 . 6 2 s 3 0 2 . 8 7 ' 3 1 0 . 8 9 3 1 9 . 8 2 MA LINE _ TOWLT LIST _ REV 1 Power Sector Development Transmission Project - Lot B Mathugama - Ambalangoda 132kV Transmission Line List of Towers T.-.v. , . . Drawing No. L069-MA-RTE-10 TOWER TOWER NO SECTION NO TOWER TYPE BODY EXTN m F O R M A T S IJ.VEL m BACK SPAN m AKGLE OF DEVIATION » . e . LENGTH OF SF.CTION in EQlirVALENT SPAN in T ENSION OF ( BACK S?l CONDUCTOR I N ) - Actual WrND SPAN in WEIGHT SPAN n 7*0 WEIGHT SPAN nl 32'C WEIGH!' SPANaI75'C AT7°C)W daN AT7°C daM AT32"C daN AT75°C daN TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL 26 8 TDI . • ' 6 ' 0.7 348.19 " 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 328.37 ~" "'365J3 359.71 *~353 45 27 8 TD6 ' 0 3.93 308.54 37° 36'16" LT 2802.73' 351.61 -" 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 332.67-" -"'298.25 303.48 --'309.31 28 9 TDL- - 6 0.6 356.79.. 5212.8 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 346.98 •" 382.77 377.33 371 2 7 * / 29 9 TDI . ' 0.35 3 3 7 . 1 6 / 5212.8 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 287.02 ' ' 241.88 - ' 248.75 256.38 30 9 T D L ' ' 3 3.18 236.87,- 5212.8 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 245.00 ' 315.41 j 304.70 292.79 ' 31 9 TDL 0 0.68 253.13 , 5212.8 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 285.96 / 202.22 " 214,96 229.13 ^ 32 9 r r i i ) •' 6 0.52 318.78 , 12" 32'55" LT 1502.73,- .--311.33 5212.8 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 317.87 ^ 35538 349.67 343.32 ^ 33 10 TDI . , 6 - 0.64 316.95 - 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 320.41- 359 .67- 353.70 347 06 • 34 10 TDI . • 0 ,, 0.68 323.86 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 273.10'' 206.41 -• 216.55 227.83 " 35 10 TDL ' 3 , 0.68 222.33 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 278.30 - 305.51 -• 301.37 296.77 - 36 10 TDL ' 3 / 0.84 334.27 / 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 335.30 ' 334.93. ' 334.99 T)4 ft* - 37 10 TDL 3 ' 1.06 33633'' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 348.43-- 338.37-- 339.90 341.60 - 38 10 TDL 3 ' 3.03 360.52' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 319.61 " 361.49 ^ 355.12 348 04 - 39 10 TD6 ' 0 x 1.97 278.7 ' 57° 58'37" RT 2172.96. 318.69 y 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 275.73-' i s s . w 176.06 195.95 " 40 11 TDL .- 3 ' 10.33 272.75 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 245.22 336.62 „• 322.72 307 26 y 41 11 TDL 6 ' 6.88 217.69 " 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 283.56 -- 329.68-- 322.66 314.86 s 42 11 TD3 s 3 ; 1.45 349 .43- 27° 03' 43" LT 839.87 - 295.37*" 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 350.72 " 2S3.94-' 294.10 305J9 / 43 12 TDL 6 1.2 352 - ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 336.06 ' 311.70^ 315.41 319.53 / 44 12 TD3 9 4.43 320.12-" 28 a 50'24 , , RT 672.12 , 337.19 - 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 309.13 ^ 372 .4 )1 y 362.77 352.07 " 45 . 13 TDL • 9 •' 1.21 298.13 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 327.00 -' 342.14 - 339.83 337 27 46 13 TDL ' 3 ' 0.79 355.87 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 354.94 ' 299.26 ' 307.73 317.15 47 13 TDL •' 6 0.83 354 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 329.00 ' 346.06 , 343.47 48 13 TDL ' 6 0.96 304 -'' 5212,80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 352.44 ' 337.53 339.79 340.58 { 49 13 TDL 9 •' 0.99 400.87 s 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 355.00 " 410.30- 401.89 34232 y 50 13 TDL 3 ' 1.15 309.13 s 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 327.45^" 235.53>- 249.51 265.06 "' 51 13 TDL 9 ' 3.82 345.77 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 315.20^ . 430.79 s 413.22 393 65 52 13 TDI 3 «' 1.22 284.62 09* 58'07" L T 2652.39"' 337.64 y 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 304.74^ (T98.0G} 214.28 f M 2 J 3 j ' MA Line _ Tfwer l.ist _ Rev 1 Power Sector Development Transmission Project - Lot B Mathugama - Ambalangoda 132kV Transmission Line List of Towers '.°P?>OVAL Trs-- Dais Drawing No. L069-MA-RTE-10 TOWER TOWER NO SECTION NO TOWER TYPE BODY EXTN m FORMATKtf LEVEL m BACK SPAN m ANGLE OF DEVIATION Dc« IJjNGTH OF SECTION m EQUIVALENT SPAN m T ENSION OF CONDUCTOR ( BACK SPAN) - Actual WIND SPAN m WEIGHT SPAN«7*C WEIGHT SPAN JI 32'C WEIGHT SPAN at 7 5 t AT7T.+W daN AT7-C daN AT32 C C daN AT75°C daN TOTAL m TOTAL m TOTAL tn 53 14 TDL CT)> 7.98 324.86 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 272.19 ' —p (, 346.17,/. 334.92 (illMl) 54 14 TD6 6 1.78 219.52 ' 52 0 08'3 I"RT 544.38- 287.07 - - 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271,12 246.58 ' 209.24 ("2LZ9?1 55 15 TDL 6 " 3.52 273.63 5055.00 3803.78 2893.03 1989.74 209.86 " 190.54 [96.58 188.17 „ 56 15 TD6 9 3.01 -• 146.09 34° 03'58" LT 41.9.72-- 237.15-- 5055.00 3803.78 2893.03 1989.74 225.42 " ( 1 7 9 ^ 183.22 57 16 TDL -" 12 " 12.56 304.75 - 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 349.92 '• (504.86~> 481.30 455.08 58 16 T IM s 9 ' 2.55 395.08 - 24°34''22"LT 699.83 " 358.55 - - " 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 397.07 -' 342T6'- ' 350.51 359.80 - 59 17 TDL 6 - 2.89 399.06 -' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 359.53 ' 361.67 -- 361.34 360.98 ' 60 17 TDL , 3 ' 3.43 320 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 ,_ 345.50 305.14 311.28 318.11 - 6! 17 TDL ' 6 - 4.74 371 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 357.50-- 392.85 - 387.48 381.49 -• 62 17 TDL ' 3 ' 5.92 344 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 353.64 ' 320.54 - 325.57 331.17 63 17 17 TDI . TD3 ' 3 ' 9.75 363.28 •' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 313.12 ' 384.1)6 ' 373.27 361.27 - 64 0 • 6.6 262.95 --" 25*24'15" LT 2060.29 351.27 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 264.31 -* 156.77 - 173.12 191J2 65 18 TDL -" 9 ' 5.05 265.66-' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 278.21 " 383.80 - 367.74 349.87 66 18 TD6 ' 3 4.52 290.76 ' 59° 26'36" RT 556.42 -279.06 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271,12 316.41 ' 261.39 " 269.75 279.06 67 19 TOI. - 5.84 342.06 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 337.08 ' 329.72 ' 330.84 332.08 68 19 TDL " 3 •' 8.29 332.09 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 322.51 y 293.10 " 297.58 302.55 69 19 TD3 7 0 - 18 312.93 ' ' 23° 52' 59" RT 987.08 • 329.69 5212.80 3316.16 2837.34 2271.12 347.47 - 3611.44 ' 358.47 356.27 - 70 20 TDL ' 3 S 20.82 382 - 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 -'348.00 ' ("450.57) 434.97 417.61.'- 71 20 TDL ' ' PJ 6.77 314 - 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 293JXI 255.41) - 262.90 72 20 T D L ' 3 272 . ' 3212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 278.76 282.23 "781.54 73 20 TD3 ^ 2.61 285.51"" 14^58'12'LT 1253.51 7 322.16 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 315.26 f l44.3y 255.10 267.10 f 74 . 21 TDL ' 9 ' 3.29 345 - 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 359.50 412.45 - 404.40 395.44 - 75 21 TDI . ' 0^ 1.06 374 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 _J43_ .50_ 359.66 280.07 ' 289.71 300.45 - 76 21 TDL 12 - 5.69 313 ' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 409.13 ^ 401.61 393.23 - 77 21 TDL ' 12 ' 5.98 406.31 i 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 342.96 313.27 ' 317.79 322.81 - 78 21 TDL " 12 ' 10.15 279.61'' 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 349.21 422.52 ' 411.37 398.97 79 21 TDL J 3 / 10.71 418.8 x 5212.80 3346.16 2837.34 2271.12 329.94 307.49 310.90 314.70 MA LINE _ TOWER LIST _ REV 1 Fu" '• D!. :0 FOR APPROVAL : i COMMENTS Trsmsm! ,;i Branch Ceylo.-i E i . - . ... Lioard Date... S-i/o ; /<=£ . si%n..,J?r:. Power Sector Development Transmission Project - Lot B Mathugama - Ambalangoda 132kV Transmission Line List of Towers Drawing No. L069-MA-RTE-10 TOWER TOWER NO SECTION NO TOWER TYPE BODY EXTN m FORMATIOI* LEVEL m BACK SPAN m ANGLE O F DEVIATION LENGTH OF SECTION m EQUIVALENT SPAN m T ENSION O F ( B A C K S P / C O N D U C T O R VN)-Artual WIND SPAN WEIGHT SPAN at 7*0 WEIGHT SPAN«32'C WEIGHT SPANat75*C AT7°C+W (l90~75) 213.27 214 94 88 23 TDL 5.04 253.92 ' 505500 3803.78 2893.03 1987.74 220.49 y (340 68^1 311 90 239.04 "lira in 89 23 TDI / 6 6.36 187.06 ' 1]'30'32"RT 440.98 227.97 5055.00 3803.78 2893.03 1987.74 164.38 •• C 150 745 1^ 3 63 156.99 90 24 TOT 3 . / 8.93 141.69 "• 141.69 141.69 5055.00 3803.78 2893.03 1987.74 70.85 s ' '63.63 65.36 67.08 ^ MA Line _ Towei List _ Rev 1