EXAMINATION OF LANDSCAPE CONCEPTS EMBODIED IN FORMATION OF PUBLIC OPEN PLACES IN S R I LANKAN m C I T I E S AND I T S U S E R PERCEPTIONS. The dissertation present to the faculty of architecture University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka FOR THE M.Sc (Architecture) examination and, exception from RIB A parti 1 University of Moratuwa 78190 W.MA.NWANIGASINGHE University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka MARCH 2002 7 :.' ~y.: Q IG 78! 78190 Acknowledgerfient To all those who were teachers and still are, who revealed to me the ^ wonders of the spirit... Deep love and gratitude to, my dear parents. Bandara, Kasun and Dinali v E X A M I N A T I O N O F L A N D S C A P E C O N C E P T S E M B O D I E D I N F O R M A T I O N O F P U B L I C O P E N P L A C E S I N S R I L A N K A N C I T I E S AND I T S U S E R P E R C E P T I O N S . Acknowledgement Contents List of illustration Abstract Introduction a) Background of the study. b) Aims and objectives. c) Scope and limitation. d) Methodology. Chapter one-Open space; in theoretical base. 1.1 Background study of the open space. 1 -4 1.2 Choice of the open space. 4-6 1.3 The new open spaces of the city. 6 1.4 Social contact. 6-7 1.5 Public life in the cities and its open space. 8-9 1.6 Shearing public open spaces. 9-11 1.6.1 Man. 11 1.6.1.1 Universal man. 11 1.6.1.2 Cultural man. 12-13 Chapter two- Landscape concepts embodied in formation of public places in cities. 2.1 general background of world landscape architecture. 14-15 2.2 place and landscape 15-18 2.3 The city and its landscape 18 2.3.1 City landscape and urban landscape 18-19 2.3.2 Urban landscape in history 19-20 2.3 3. the evolution of modern landscape 20 2.3.4. Landscape design in urban public open spaces in cities. 21 2.4 experience of the present -day landscape 21 -23 2.5 The every day landscape. 23-25 2.5 Towards a humane landscape 26-27 Chapter three- The enduring architecture; theoretical base 3.1 The general background of enduring architecture. 28-29 3.2 Enduring principles. 29 3.2.1 Tradition 29-30 3.2.2 classical 30-31 3.2.3 Cosmic 31-32 3.2 4 Astrological 32-33 Chapter four- Lost spaces in urban cities 4.1 What is lost space? 34-36 4.2 lost spaces in urban context 36-37 4.3 Identification of lost space and restructuring opportunities. 37-38 4.4 redesigning lost spaces. 38-39 Chapter five- Examination of landscape concepts embodied public space of Sri Lankan cities. Case studies 5.1 Case study- open spaces as enduring space in Kandy city. 40 5.1.0 History of sacred area of Kandy. 40-42 5.1.1 Case study] - Mahamaluwa 42-45 5.1.2 Case study 2 - Vael Bodiya coplex 46-48 5.1.3 Case study 3 - Natha devalaya coplex 48-50 5.1.4 Discussion. 50 5.2 Case study; as an alien space; George E de Silva park in Kandy. 52-54 5.3 discussions 55 Conclusion Bibliography. List of illustration 1 Enduring space (source-Ganga) 2 Open space create mental relaxation and social gathering (Belur Math, near Calcutta, this was founded by Swami Vivckananda, source, Ganga) 3 Tamil lady with the chilled 4 Natural landscape (source, the landscape of man, p, 389) 5 Man- made landscapes has emerged with the natural environment. (Mont St Michel, - France; source- The Landscape of Man, pi 45) 6 Pool at urban city using as a recreational purpose. (The pool in Boston City Hall Plaza; source- the Landscape of Man-, p, 332) 7 There in a beautiful forest was a solid high rock-edge beside a waterfall and the natural thing seems to be to cantilever the house from the rock bank over the failing water) (Source, The Landscape of Man- p, 312) 8 The greatest physical embodiment of love, this creates as a enduring space to the world (Taj Mahal, source, The Landscape of Man, p55) 9 Traditional village at Puranagama(traditionally has used 'Mada Midula' concept 10 Classical architecture for palace- (castle in Denmark, source, The landscape of Man,p215) 11 These pyramids shows simplest and most fundamental form in all architecture.(The pyramids at Gizeh,- sourcs, The landscape of Man, pi 10) 12 Arrangement of space according to cardinal direction 13 Interpretation of nature with religious ideologies 14 Lost space - in almost every American city there are hundreds of acres of underused space within the down town core. (Fort Point Channel, Bosten, Massachusetts, source, finding lost space, p3) 15 Complex of Temple Tooth Relic complex and surrounding at Kandy 16 View of the Temple of the Tooth Relic through Maha Maluwa 17 The arrangement patterns of open spaces. 18 View of the outer court yard 19 Sketched section though the whole complex as serial experience of space. 20 Location plan of Vael Bodiya 21 Identified open space and their sequential pattern: veal Bodhiya. 22 Lay out pattern of Veal Bodiya Complex 23 Sketched section through the open spaces of Vael-Bodiya complex. 24 View of the total complex. 25 The semi- encloses in front of the Bodiya is highly ornamented tight space, compared to fully open spaces. Therefore it prevents the obstructing occurring at the main entrance space. 26 View of the Natha Devalaya through the ValiMaluwa 27 View of the Natha Devalaya through the ValiMaluwa 28 location plan; George E.de Silva Park. 29 Sketched plan: George E.de Silva Park 30 Identified open space and their arrangement pattern. 31 An individual and group behavior is visible in this complex 32 Stairways of the park from the S. W.R.D Bandaranayke Mawatha see the profane activities through the open space.) 33 Built in seats provide a space for toe interaction. At?5f ^AC When man creates the building not only does he create an internal space for himself, but changes and reshapes his landscape Which he shares with his fellow lack of sensitivity and planning in design g i \es way to lost and alien spaces. The meaningful relationship between these buildings and its surrounds holds the context as a coherent whole. When these spaces are imbued with values and meanings of that society, it invokes emotions in the individual. This type of space touches our heart. These spaces live on in our minds even after they cease to'exist concretely A feelmgla.nostalgic remembrance ma> linger on making us happy and contented, and an unconscious smile may plays upon our lips. We go back to them even in our dreams.. This has become an enduring space I he study sets out to discover the principles that create enduring spaces