ROOF COVERING AS A ENERGY SAVING A T R I B U T E IN T R O P I C A L C L I M A T E LIBRARY WnVH»SITYOF(WOHATUWA.Sfil MORATUWA ' The dissertation presented to the faculty of architecture of university of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka for the final examination in Msc. (Architecture) and to the royal institute of British architects for R.I.B.A. part (11) examination 7 2 - o v G.D.P. Nandanie Faculty of Architecture University of Moratuwa Sri Lanka 30 , h June, 2001 ' ( University of Moratuwa 76183 76183 76183 M . S c it n - 3 am 1. " V ^ Of M 0 CHAPTER BRAKE DOWN INTRODUCTION ( I ) Topic explanation. ( I I ) Need of the study. ( I I I ) Architectural problem / Rationale. ( I V ) Limitatioons (V ) Aims and objectives. ( V I ) Methodology. (1 .0 ) CHAPTER ONE (1.10) Energy and buildings. (1.1.1) Environmental issues in energy use of buildings. (1.1.1.1) Ozone depletion and buildings. (1.1.1.2) Global worming and buildings. (1.1.1.3) Acid rains and buildings. (1.1.2) Energy efficient building forms and layouts. (1.1.2.1) In warm humid climates close to equator (1.1.2.2) In hot dry climates. (1.1.3) Energy conservation and working with climates. ( I . I 3.1) St . George's school, Wallasey Cheshire. (1.1.3.2) Guest house, Dar-es, Salam (1.1.4) Energy and air conditioning. (1.1.4.1) Usage of natural lightning can reduce energy for Air-conditionings. (1.1.4.2) The efficient use of air-conditioning in buildings. (1.2.0.) The relation between climate and thermal comfort. (1.2.1.) Requirement for comfort. (1.2.2.) Quality of comfort. (1.2.3) Designing for comfort (1.2.4) Indoor climate. (1.3.0.) The nature of heat. (1.3.1.) The kinetic theory (1.3.2.) The difference between heat and temperature. (1.3.3.) Mode of heat transfer. 2 . 0 ) C H A P T E R T W O 2.1 ) roof as a determining factor of the thermal comfort. 2.1.1) Introduction to the roof 2.1.2) The importance of the roof 2 .1.3) The roof covering types 2.1.4) Thermal properties of roofing elements 2.1.5) relationship between traditional roofing materials in S r i Lanka, and thermal comfort 2.1.6) Problems of roof with relation to thermal performance. 2.2) Thermal design of roofs. 2.2.1) Shape and pitch as a solar heat-minimizing factor 2.2.2) Texture, pattern, and colour as a solar heat minimizing factor. 2.2.3) Mass of the roof as a solar heat-minimizing factor. 2.2.4) Various roof designs to minimize solar heat factor. 2.2.4.1) Sod roofs 2.2.4.2) Air-cooled roofs C H A P T E R T H R E E - C A S E S T U D I E S 3.0) Analysis of the relationship, between roofs and thermal comfort. 3.1) Back ground to the case studies 3.1.1) Introduction 3.1.2) Analytical techniques 3.1.3) Methodology of the research a) Research equipment b) Method of using the equipment. 3.1.4) Research data. 3.1.4.1) Materials and their properties 3.1.4.2) Materials and building elements 3.1.4.3) Climatic data 3.1.4.4) Metabolic rates 3.1.4.5) Clothing data 3.2) Case studies 3.2.1) Case study one- school buildings 3.2.2) Case study two -residential buildings 3.2.3) Case study three - office buildings A C K N O L E D G E M E N T I wish to make grateful acknowledgement and express my personal indebtedness to the following personalities for the valuable support and corporation extended to me in the preparation of this dissertation. Prop. Nimal De Silva, head of the department, faculty of architecture, university of Moratuwa. Dr. Rohinton Emmanuel, Dr. Athalage, for all the guidance and encouragement give to me. Special thanks should be given to Mr. Duminda Naurunna, site engineer, Ceylinco homes international L.T.D. providing valuable information and providing the plans of the houses. Mr. Rohana, quantity surveyor, I.C.C. Ltd. by supplying valuable information on material costs. Also I would like to thanks bank manager and banking staff at bank of Ceylon, Anuradhapura. Principals academic staff and the students of the St, Joseph collage, Anuradhapura and Ananda college Colombo, and of the house owners who gave me the support by allowing their homes for the research. Further and wish to specially thank for the staff of the meteology department in Colombo and Anuradhapura incase of providing climatic data, Ceylon electricity board, for the valuable documentation and library facilities, nonacademic staff, university of Morsatuwa, who helped incase of providing research equipment and information. It is thanks for the English department for the help given to improve the language. I take this opportunity to offer my sincere thank to, my friends, Nirosha Loyid, Kosala, Ruvan Silva, Inoka Fernando, Rohithan, who helped me in preparation of this essay. Last by no means, I specially acknowledge my parents for their unavailable support throughout my life.