References 
References 
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strengths and weaknesses. Construction project management national 
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A . D . B . P u b l i c a t i o n (1987). Hand book on problems in procumbent for 
projects financed by A.D.B. pp. 28-79 
Bit te l , L.R. (1976). Right on time. MC.grow Hill Inc. New York. pp. 15 - 48 
Bixson , P . J . (Dec. 1976). Property investment. Chartered Surveyor, Vol. 
109(5). Chashan press Ltd. Buckingham shire, U.K. pp. 162. 
B r a n d o n , S .P . & F e r r y . D . J . (1991). Cost of planning of building. BSP 
professional books London, Edinburgh Boston, pp. 33-79. 
B r i t t o n , W . , D a v i d , K . & J o h n s o n , J . (1980). Modern method of valuation. 
Estate gezette Ltd., London. 
B r o a k e s , N . (Dec. 1977). Property development in U.K. Chartered Surveyor, 
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C a d m a n , D . & Aus t i n i , L.(1981). Property development. E.&F.N. spon Ltd. 
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C r e a v e s vs B a y i h a m Me ik l e a n d p a r t n e r s . (Date of court case not available.) 
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gazette Ltd. London. 
75 
References 
D o n n e l y , J . H . & G i b s o n , J . L . (1984). Fundamentals of management. 
Business publication, INC. Piano, Texas, pp. 189-215. 
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G a j e n d r a n , T. (1995). Facilities management. Dissertation. Department of 
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G u n a s e k a r a , M . (1994). Project management challenges in the local 
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G u n a s e k a r a , P . D . K . D . (1993). Project planning for better planning 
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H a n s o n , B . L . (1966), Quality control. Practice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New 
Delhi pp. 1-256 
H a r r i s , F & M C Caf fe r , R.(1989). Modern construction management. 3rd Ed, 
B.S.P. professional books Edinburgh, Bostan, Melbourne, pp. 19-42. 
H a r v e y , J . (1981) Urban Land Economics Mackyas of Chatham, Kent. U.K. 
H e t t i a r a c h c h i , J.N. (Jan/June 1997). Selection of a building site. Real estate 
review journal, Vol. 1. Institute of real estate and land economy, Sri Lanka, pp. 
35-37 
H e t t i a r a c h c h i , J.N. (1994). Viability of investment in multi- storyed buildings. 
Construction project management conference, Sri Lanka, pp. 150- 164 
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References 
H o y l e , E . (1982) . M o n e y and barking. Richard clay Ltd. London , pp. 49 - 52 
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works o f building and civi l engineering work . Ministry o f pol icy planning and 
implementat ion. 
J a n a k i e W . V . P . C . (1995) . Causes and prevent ion for de lays . Dissertat ion. 
Depar tment o f Bui ld ing Economics , Univers i ty o f Mora tuwa . 
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L o c k , D . (1968) . Project management . Haverhi l l , Suf fo lk ,Grea t Bri ta in .pp. 48. 
N a g a n a t h e n , S. ( 1 9 8 1 ) . Project planning and management . Conference on 
construction planning and management . Saharanpur, U . P . India. 
Nichol l s , J . M . (Nov . 1978) . N o reduction in demand. Chartered Surveyor , 
V o l . I l l (4). Chesham press Ltd. Buck ingham shire, U . K . P P . 1 2 8 
Nowe l , G . , B a r r e t t e , C , V . & Agos t in i , E . J . ( J an /Feb . 1990) . International real 
estate journa l , V o l . 1 7 ( 1 ) . East evans road, Scottsdale, Ar i zona , pp. 128. 
P a h w a , H . P . S , (1993) . Project financing. Ratampur, N e w Delh i , pp. 362-487. 
P e t e r , G . ( 1 9 8 1 ) . Project management and construction control . Construct ion 
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R a j a p a k s h a , R . P . S . S . (1993) . Cash f low forecasting and monitoring for 
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References 
Ratnasekara, M.G.C.W. ( 1995) . Professional neg l igence and quantity 
su rveyo r ' s practice in Sri Lanka . Dissertat ion. Department of Building 
E c o n o m i c s , universi ty of Mora tuwa . 
Rent Restriction ACt N o . 7 o f 1972 as amended in 1980. 
SliteSj E.M. ( 1 9 7 6 ) . Hand book o f total quality assurance. Prentice Hal l , 
I N C . Waterford , U . S . A . 
Snowdon, M. ( 1 9 7 7 ) . Management engineering projects . Butter worth , 
London , pp. 6-108 
Stephen, N.& Brooks, N.P. ( 1 9 8 1 ) . T h e practice o f estate agency . Estate 
gazette L td . London , pp. 1 1 7 - 168 
Tamilchevan, R. (1993) . Compensa t ion for the loss o f productivi ty in 
construction projects . Dissertat ion. Department o f Bui ld ing E c o n o m i c s , 
Univers i ty o f Mora tuwa . 
Udamulla, T. (1998) . Introduction to building construction industry. 
Fundamentals o f real estate. Sri Jayawardenepura Univers i ty , pp . 37- 45 
Udayanjeewa, W.M.U.P. ( 1 9 9 4 / 1 9 9 5 ) . Manag ing risk. Quantity Surveyor , 
Department o f Bui ld ing economics , Univers i ty o f Mora tuwa . pp . 87-88 
Weddikkara, C. ( 1 9 9 7 ) . Course hand out Department o f Bui ld ing E c o n o m i c s , 
Univers i ty o f Mora tuwa . 
Weerakoon, A.W.C. ( 1997 ) . T h e effects o f leadership style o f construction 
manager on project performance. Dissertat ion. Department o f Building 
E c o n o m i c s , Univers i ty o f Mora tuwa . 
78 
References 
W i c k r e m a r a c h c h i , N . Real estate valuat ion, Fundamentals o f Real Estate 
Journal, Sri Jayawardenapura Univers i ty , N u g e g o d a . pp. 6 0 - 7 1 . 
Rent Schedule Appendix - A 
Rent Schedule 
L
oc
at
io
n
 
Fl
oo
r
 
1= 
< 
fa D
es
cr
ip
tio
n
 
E 
S 8 
£ * Di
st
an
ce
 
K
m
 
World trade 
Center 
Colombo 01 
First 
Seventh 
64 
418 
Ultra Modern type Office 
Building 
-do-
162.50 
162.50 
0 
0 
• Ninth 874 -do- 162.50 0 
Seventeenth 418 -do- 137.00 0 
Eighteenth 874 -do-
(This assessment is recenfly 
done by Govt. Valuers). 
162.00 0 
Social Service 
dept. D.S. 
Senanayaka 
Mawatha, 
Borella. 
G.F. -- Average Building 68.00 3.5 
Y .M.B.A. 
Building 
Borella. 
G.F. -- New office building 87.50 3.5 
153, 
Dharmapala 
Mawatha 
Colombo 03. 
G.F. 
First --
Modern New office building 110.00 
(Average) 2.5 
Postal Dept. 
1 M Cross 
Street 
Pettah. 
G.F. } 
First } 
Second} 
Third } 
2400 Office building 
137.50 
68.75 
(Average) 
1 
Asst. No.73 
W.D.A. 
Ramanayaka 
Mawatha, 
Colombo 02. 
G.F. 518 
Modern type new office 
building 137.50 2 
Asst. No. 108 
W.D.A. 
Ramanayaka 
Mawatha, 
Colombo 02. 
First 364 -do- 137.50 2 
Cool Air 
Garden, 
Office of 
Company 
Registrar 
D.R. 
Wijewardena 
Mawatha. 
G.F. 
First 
400 
400 
Modern type office 
building (Not very new) , 137.50 1 
156, Blondina 
Courts, 
Borella, 
Colombo 08. 
G.F. 
First 
Second 
900 New building 125.00 3.5 
Dharmapala 
Mawatha, 
Ceylinco Office. 
Colombo 03. 
-- -- - 125.00 2.5 
(APPENDIX - A) 
80 
Rent Schedule Appendix - A 
it 
in
n
 
s it 
in
n
 
o 
Lo
ca
tic
 
Fl
oo
r 
F
.A
.(m
 
D
es
cr
if 
R
at
em
2 
w
e
e
k 
D
is
ta
nc
 
K
m
 
Merchant's Tower Sixth 600 Ultra 165.00 
Bank of Ceylon modern (Average 2 
Colombo 03. Seventh 600 new 
office 
building 
Expected 
Rent) 
Valuation Dept. Colombo City 
office Maradana Road 
Colombo 10. Second -- Average 
building 
100.00 2.5 
Asst. No.435/3 Modern 
Kularatna Mawatha G.F. 18 type 110.00 2.5 
Maradana. office 
building 
Seprime Trading Co. Modern 
Maradana. type 
office 
building 
100.00 2.5 
Asst. No. 297 Modern 
Union Place -- -- type 100.00 2.5 
Colombo 02. Office 
building 
Asst. No. 90 
Galle Road G.F. -- Office 
building 
137.50 1.5 
•* 
> 
(APPENDIX - A) 
81 
Project Details Appendix - B 
Project Details 
P R O J E C T - A 
(a) L o c a t i o n Colombo Fort 
(b) D e s c r i p t i o n Ultra modern fifteen storyed building 
(c) F l o o r A r e a 31000 Sq. m. 
(d) , L i m i t a t i o n o n L D Nil 
(e) A g r e e d L D Rs. 400,000.00 per day 
(f) C o n t r a c t S u m Rs. 3250,000,000.00 
(g) C a l c u l a t e d L D u n d e r 
P r o p o s e S y s t e m 
(For first week) Rs. 4960,000.00 
(h) L D p e r d a y Rs. 708,571.00 
(i) P r o p o s e d L D - P r e s e n t L D 
(Per day) Rs. 308,571.00 
P R O J E C T - B 
(a) L o c a t i o n Galle Road, Kollupitiya. 
(b) D e s c r i p t i o n Multi- storyed Ultra modernoffice building 
(c) F l o o r A r e a 25000 Sq. m. 
(d) L i m i t a t i o n on L D Up to 10% of contract sum. 
(e) A g r e e d L D Rs. 450,000.00 per day 
(f) C o n t r a c t S u m Rs. 501,000,000.00 
(g) C a l c u l a t e d L D u n d e r 
P r o p o s e Sys t em 
(For first week) Rs. 3,750,000.00 
(h) L D p e r day Rs.535,714.00 
(i) P r o p o s e d L D - P r e s e n t L D 
(Per day) Rs.85,714.00 
( A P P E N D I X - B) 
82 
Project Details Appendix - B 
P R O J E C T - C 
(a) L o c a t i o n Union Place 
(b) D e s c r i p t i o n Mult i - s toryed Ultra modern type building 
(c) F l o o r A r e a 16322 Sq . M . 
(d) L i m i t a t i o n on L D U p to 5 % o f contract sum 
(e) A g r e e d L D R s . 7 5 , 9 1 4 . 0 0 per day 
(f) C o n t r a c t S u m R s . 142 ,339 ,339 .00 
(g) C a l c u l a t e d L D u n d e r 
P r o p o s e Sys t em 
(For first w e e k ) R s . 2,040,250.00 
(h) L D p e r d a y R s . 291 ,464 .00 
(i) P r o p o s e d L D - P r e s e n t L D 
(Per day) Rs . 2 1 5 , 5 5 0 . 0 0 
P R O J E C T D 
(a) L o c a t i o n D e Seram place , C o l o m b o 10 
(b) D e s c r i p t i o n Mult i -storyed modern type building 
(c) F l o o r A r e a 4896 Sq. m. 
(d) L i m i t a t i o n on L D U p to 1 0 % of contract sum. 
(e) A g r e e d L D Rs . 18,780.00 per day 
(f) C o n t r a c t S u m R s . 7 5 , 1 1 9 , 7 5 9 . 0 0 
(g) C a l c u l a t e d L D u n d e r 
P r o p o s e Sys tem 
(For first w e e k ) R s . 5 1 4,080.00 
(h) L D p e r d a y Rs .73 ,440 .00 
(i) P r o p o s e d L D - P r e s e n t L D 
(Per day) - Rs .54 ,660 .00 
( A P P E N D I X - B) 
83 
Project Details Appendix -
P R O J E C T - E 
(a) L o c a t i o n Borella, Colombo 08. 
(b) D e s c r i p t i o n Multi -storyed modern building 
(c) F l o o r A r e a 1500 Sq. M. 
(d) L i m i t a t i o n on L D Up to 5 % of contract sum 
(e) ' A g r e e d L D Rs. 17,500.00 per day 
(f) C o n t r a c t S u m Rs.70,000,000.00 
(g) C a l c u l a t e d L D u n d e r 
P r o p o s e Sys t em 
(For first week) Rs. 135,000.00 
(h) L D p e r d a y Rs. 19,285.00 
(i) P r o p o s e d L D - P r e s e n t L D 
(Per day) Rs.1785.00 
84 
( A P P E N D I X - B) 
Professionals Opinion on Existing and Proposed LD Appendix - C 
Professional Opinion on Existing and Proposed LD 
P
er
so
ns
 
In
te
rv
ie
w
 
Pr
of
es
si
on
 
Existing LD 
L
D
 
Sh
ou
ld
 
be
 
C
ur
re
nt
 
B
as
is
 
R
ea
so
ns
 
fo
r
 
de
la
y 
P
er
so
ns
 
In
te
rv
ie
w
 
Pr
of
es
si
on
 
R
es
.
 
U
nr
s.
 
L
ow
 
H
ig
h 
L
D
 
Sh
ou
ld
 
be
 
C
ur
re
nt
 
B
as
is
 
R
ea
so
ns
 
fo
r
 
de
la
y 
1 Cost/Cons - y y - L.T.C. ' / lOOO tO ' / 4 0 0 0 
of C.S. Cont. 
r Q.S. - y y - L.T.C. -do- Com. 
3 Eng. - y y - L.O.B. A.A. Cont. 
4 Q.S. - y y - A.L. Not constant Consultant 
5 Cost/cons. - y y - L.O.R. Viooo to ' / 4000 
of C.S. Cont. 
6 Q.S. - y y - L.O.R. A.A. Cont. 
7 Arch - y y - A.L. Viooo to ' / 4 0 0 0 
of C.S. Cont. 
8 Q.S. - y y - L.O.B. -do- Cont. 
9 Q.S. - y - L.T.C. Not constant Consultant 
Percentage 11 89 100 - - -
cont. 89% 
consultant 
11% 
Cos t / C o n s . - Cost Consultant L .O .B . - Loss of 
business 
Q . S . - Quantity surveyor A.L. - Actual Loss 
E n g . - Engineer L .O .R . - Loss of rent 
Arch. - Architect A.A. - Agreed Amount 
R e s . - Reasonable C . S . - Contract Sum 
U n r s . - Unreasonable C o n t . - Contractor 
L . T . C . - Loss to Client 
( A p p e n d i x - C) 
85 
Questionnaire - 1 Appendix - D 
Questionnaire - 1 
T i m e O v e r r u n a n d L i q u i d a t e d d a m a g e s 
T h e Detai ls furnished b e l o w wi l l be used for the purpose o f this project and wil l 
not be disc losed or used for any purpose other than this dissertation. H o w e v e r , 
the information in Part A wi l l not be incorporated in the report. 
P a r t A 
1. N a m e Date 
2. Designat ion 
3. Off ic ia l Address 
4. Nature o f w o r k undertaken 
( 1 ) . Project Management 
(2). Consul tancy 
(3). Other 
Questionnaire -1 Appendix - D 
P a r t B 
1. What are the c o m m o n factors you think that w o u l d course time overrun 
in construction project in Sri Lanka . 
a. 
c. 
d. 
e. 
2. In your opinion w h o is the most responsible party for time overrun in a 
construction project. 
a. Cl ient - % 
b. Consultant - % 
c. Contractor - % 
d. Others - % 
Please expla in reasons for your answer . 
3. Please list delays caused to projects in wh ich you w e r e engaged or 
k n o w n to y o u . 
Project Delay Reason for delay Basic of LD 
LD Reasonable 
Yes No Yes No 
( A P P E N D I X - D) 
87 
Questionnaire - 1 Appendix - D 
Please g ive reason for your answer above . 
A n y Sugges t ions to improve the exist ing L D system used in Sri Lanka . 
W h o should determine the contract per iod and what should be the basis 
o f i t ? 
D o you suggest any guidelines to calculate actual delay o f a construction 
project fair by both parties to the contract ? 
D o y o u agree that client should be compensated for the actual loss 
caused to him due to time overrun ? 
Yes No 
If your answer is " N o " please g ive alternative method o f compensat ion, 
and explain w h y ? 
( A P P E N D I X - D) 
Questionnaire - 2 Appendix - E 
Questionnaire - 2 
D e r i v a t i o n of r e l e v a n t r e n t for m o d e r n office bu i ld ings 
The Details furnished below will be used for the purpose of this project and will 
not be disclosed or used for any purpose other than this report. However, the 
information in Part A will not be incorporated in the report. 
P a r t A 
1. Name Date 
4. Designation 
5. Official Address 
4. Nature of work attending 
(a). Valuation of real estate 
(b). Rental Assessment 
(c). Rating Valuations 
(d). Others - Specify 
P a r t B 
1. Is there a stability in the rental market today, in Sri Lanka. 
Yes N o 
2. Please give reason for your above answer. 
( A P P E N D I X - E) 
89 
Questionnaire - 2 Appendix - E 
What are the factors that determine a rent for an ultra modern office 
building in the city of Colombo ? 
To what extent Sri Lankan economy influences rental market of the 
country ? 
What method do you recommend to arrive at the free market rent for an 
office building ? 
a. Comparison 
b. Investment 
c. Contractors Test 
d. Others specify 
1 Please give reasons for your answer ? 
Could you give some rental comparisons for modern office buildings in 
Fort, Kollupitiya, Union Place, Maradana, Borella ? 
90 
( A P P E N D I X - E) 
Questionnaire - 2 Appendix - E 
7. From your experience can you suggest most appropriate rents for Ultra 
modern office buildings in the following areas. 
Area R e n t / m 2 / P M D e s c r i p t i o n 
Fort Modern office building 
Kollupitiya Modern office building 
Union Place Modern office building 
Maradana Modern office building 
Borella Modern office building 
8. Do you think how long this pattern of rentals will be constant in the 
above areas ? 
9. Would assessment of compensation on rent be realistic under valuation 
principles ? 
Yes N o 
10. Please give reasons for your above answer. 
( A P P E N D I X - E) 
91 
Questionnaire - 3 Appendix - F 
Questionnaire - 3 
A s s e s s m e n t of C a p i t a l A p p l i c a t i o n 
T h e Deta i l s furnished be low wi l l be used for the purpose o f this project and wil l 
not be disc losed or used for any purpose other than this dissertation. H o w e v e r , 
the information in Part A wi l l not be incorporated in the report. 
P a r t A 
1. N a m e Date 
6. Designat ion 
7. Off ic ia l Address 
4. Nature o f w o r k attending 
(a). Project Management 
(b). Valuat ion of real estate 
(c) . Rating Assessments 
(d). Others - Specify 
92 
( A P P E N D I X - F) 
Questionnaire - 3 Appendix - F 
P a r t B 
Specif ied A r e a under rev iew -
(a) Fort 
(b) Kol lupi t iya 
, (c) Union Place 
(d) Maradana 
(e) Bore l la 
1. Is there a stability in the rental market today, in Sri Lanka . 
Y e s N o 
Please comment on your decision 
2. Genera l ly , what are the factors affecting the real estate market within the 
specified 
areas ? 
a. 
b . 
c. 
d. 
e. 
93 
( A P P E N D I X - F) 
Questionnaire - 3 Appendix - F 
3. D o you think that there is a capital appreciation in the property market 
today ? 
Yes N o 
3.1 A r e there any deviations to your decis ion above regarding a specified 
area. 
Yes N o 
3.2 . Please expla in your decis ion above . 
4. Please g ive your opinion on capital appreciation o f real estate during 
last two years . 
Locat ion 
Capita l 
Apprec ia t i on 
Capi ta l 
Deprec ia t ion 
R e m a r k s 
Fort 
< 
Kollupi t iya 
Union Place 
Maradana 
Bore l la 
( A P P E N D I X - F) 
94 
Persons Interviewed Appendix - G 
Questionnaire 1 
Name Designation & Official Address 
1. Mr. P.R.N. Fernando D.G.M. (Constancy) 
State Engineering Corporation 
Colombo 02. 
2. ' Mr. R.G. Ranathunga Quantity Surveyor 
State Engineering Corporation 
Colombo 02. 
3. Mr. S.M.V. Aruna Kumara Deputy Chief Engineer 
C.W.E.,D.R. Wijewardena Mawatha 
Colombo 10. 
4. Mr. Shantha Fernando Quantity Surveyor 
Access Tower Project 
Colombo. 
5. Mr. N.M. Jayathilaka Manager (Premises) 
Insurance Corporation 
Vauxhall Street, Colombo 02. 
6. Mr. S. Weerasingha Quantity Surveyor 
Zublen (Central Bank Project) 
Colombo 01. 
7. Mr. H. Ranasingha Architech 
State Engineering Corporation 
Colombo 02. 
8. Mr. E.J . Ranajaya Quantity Surveyor 
State Engineering Corporation 
Colombo 02. 
9. Mr. G.A. Ranaweera Technical Officer 
Civil Aviation 
Katunayaka. 
10. Mr. Mahinda Gunawardena Quantity Surveyor 
LINK Engineering 
Colombo 02. 
11. Mr. H.D. Chandrasena Consultant 
Borella, Colombo 08. (Former AGM 
Constancy, S.E.C Colombo 02) 
( A P P E N D I X - G) 
95 
P E R S O N S I N T E R V I E W E D 
Persons Interviewed Appendix - H 
Questionnaire - 2 
N a m e Des ignat ion & Official Address 
(A) Mr. V.M.S. Jayasiri Valuation Officer 
City Office, Valuation Department 
Maradana. 
(B) Mr. E.M.. Wickramanayaka Asst. Valuer 
City Office, Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(C) Mr. P. Shanthirasekaran Senior Asst. Valuer 
State Valuation Department 
Maradana. 
(D) Mr. V . C . Udugampola Manager(Assets) 
C.W.E. Vauxhall Street 
Colombo 02. 
(E) Mr. B.T.P. Guruge Asst. Valuer 
State Valuation Department 
Maradana. 
(F) Mr. H.T.J.N. Fernando Valuation Officer 
State mortgage and Investment Bank 
Colombo 03. 
(G) Mr. M.B.R. Gunapala Valuation Officer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(H) Mr. N.M. Jayathilaka Manager (Premises) 
Insurance Corporation 
Vauxhall Street, Colombo 02. 
(I) Mr. G.H.K. Wickramatilaka Chief Valuation Officer 
State Mortgage & Investment Bank 
Colombo 03. 
(J) Mr. L. Palihakkara Asst. Valuation Officer 
State Mortgage & Investment Bank 
Colombo 03. 
(K) Mr. J.K.T. Fonseka Valuation Officer 
State Valuation Department 
Maradana. 
(L) Mr. P.K.Y. Perera Senior Lecturer 
(Dept. of Estate management & Valuation) 
Sri Jayawardenapura University. 
( A P P E N D I X - H) 
96 
P E R S O N S I N T E R V I E W E D 
Persons Interviewed Appendix - J 
4.-
P E R S O N S I N T E R V I E W E D 
Questionnaire - 3 
Name Designation & Official Address 
(M) Mr. V.M.S. Jayasiri 
• 
Valuation Officer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(N) Mr. R. Wickremanayaka Asst. Valuer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(0) Mr. P. Shanthirasekaran Senior Asst. Valuer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(P) Mr. Udugampola Manager (Premises) 
C.W.E 
Vauxhall Street, Colombo 02. 
(Q) Mr. B.T.P. Guruge Asst. Valuer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(R) Mr. H.T.J.N. Fernando Valuation Officer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(S) Mr. M.B.R. Gunapala Valuation Officer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
(T) Mr. G.H.K. Wickrematilaka Chief Valuation Officer 
State Mortgage and Investment Bank 
Colombo 03. 
(U) Mr. D.L. Palihakkara Asst. Valuation Officer 
State Mortgage and Investment Bank 
Colombo 03. 
(V) Mr. G.K.T. Fonseka Valuation Officer 
State Valuation Department 
Colombo 10. 
( A P P E N D I X - J ) 
97 
Calculation of Liquidated & Ascertained Damages... Appendix - K 
Calculation of Liquidated & Ascertained Damages 
Typical Format 
C O N T R A C T 
C L I E N T 
C O N S U L T A N T 
C O S T S / W E K 
1. S U P E R V I S O R Y S T A F F ( C u r r e n t Ra te s ) 
• A r c h i t e c t : 
Estimate h r s /wk x time charge 
o f R s /hr R s . 
• Q u a n t i t y S u r v e y o r 
Estimated h r s /wk x time charge 
o f R s /hr R s . 
• C o n s u l t a n t s (as a b o v e for each one) . Rs . 
• C l e r k of w o r k s 
W e e k l y Salary ( = Y e a r l y 152) R s . 
To t a l (1) R s . 
( A P P E N D I X - K) 
98 
Calculation of Liquidated & Ascertained Damages... Appendix - K 
2 . A D D I T I O N A L C O S T ( C u r r e n t Ra te s ) 
• Rent and/ or rates and/ or charges for present premises Rs . 
• Rent and/ or rates and/ or charges for alternative premises R s . 
• Cha rges for equipment R s . 
• M o v e m e n t o f equipment R s . 
• Addi t ional and/or continuing and/ or substitute staff Rs . 
• M o v e m e n t o f staff ( including travel expenses) R s . 
• A n y site charges wh ich are the responsibili ty o f the client R s . 
• Extra payments to direct employed trades R s . 
• Insurance Rs . 
T o t a l (2) R s . 
Source - Janakie 1995 
99 
Calculation of Liquidated & Ascertained Damages... Appendix - K 
E A.7 Cont. d 
INEREST 
C O S T S / W E E K 
interest payable on estimated capital expended 
up to the control comple t ion date, but from 
which no benefit is del ivered. Estimated 
expenditure taken as 80% o f contract sum and 
fees. 
Arch i t ec t ' s fees (90%)** R s . 
Quanti ty su rveyo r ' s fee (90%)** R s . 
Consul tant ' s fee (90%)** R s . 
Salary o f c lerk o f w o r k s ( R s . / w k x contract period) R s . 
Interest charges o f current rate o f per cent. 
Interest therefore 
= 8 0 % c a p i t a l e x p e n d e d x in t e re s t 
It is essential that all costs are additional i .e. they would not be incurred if the 
contract were comple ted on the contract complet ion date the headings g iven are 
examples only , eve ry j o b is different. 
Professional fees are taken as 90% of total because some professional work 
remains to be done after practical complet ion. 
52 R s . 
Total (3) Rs . 
(APPENDIX - K) 
100 
Responsible Parties for Delays Appendix - L 
Responsible Parties for Delays 
RESPONSE 
No RESPONSIBLE 
PARTY 
CLIENT 
(02 NOS.) 
CONSULTA 
NT 
(04 NOS.) 
CONTRA 
CTOR 
(06 NOS.) 
ACADEMIC 
S 
(03 NOS) 
1 Client * * * 
2 Consultant ***** *** 
3 Contractor ** *** *** ** 
4 ' Beyond the control of the above parties 
* * 
NOTE: Some interviewees had given more than one response. 
S o u r c e - J a n a k i e 1995 
( A P P E N D I X - L ) 
101 
Prevention of Delays Appendix - M 
Prevention of Delays 
CONSULTANT 
• Organizing frequent 
Progress meeting 
• Proper documentation 
• On time drawings, 
Instruction, specification 
• Complete information 
• Proper consideration 
• Lesser variation 
• Careful contractor selection 
• Specify common materials 
in the market 
• Certification on time 
• Timely approval 
• Fixing reasonable time target 
C O N T R A C T O R 
Timely procurement of 
Sufficient labor plant 
and materials 
Proper programming 
Careful bidding 
Giving notices on time 
Obtain approvals 
Request further 
information 
Joint measurement 
Better co- operation 
Proper site organization 
Efficient controlling 
Sufficient cash flow 
Adequate communication 
Early commencement 
Refer historical data 
Prevention of 
Delays 
C L I E N T 
• Sufficient cash flow 
• Timely payment 
• Planned variations 
• nominated 
sub contractors 
• Better co-operation 
• Giving Procession 
of site on time 
• Minimum 
interruption 
to the contractor's 
program 
O T H E R 
• Liquidated damages 
• Bonus for early 
completion 
• Timely allocation of 
budget 
• Appoint a project 
manager 
Source - Janakie 1995 
( A P P E N D I X - M ) 
102 
Time performance of individual project Appendix N 
TIME PERFORMANCE OF INDIVIDUAL PROJECT 
• 25 
157.14 
I 25 
• 77.42 
I 75 
• 77.27 
I 200 
• 276 
100 200 300 400 500 
% Time overrun 
600 700 800 
Source - Janakie 1995 
(Append ix - N) 
103